Phospholipase-mediated regulation of plant's response to nutrient deficiency

Abstract

The plant phospholipid signaling network governs a variety of physiological functions as well as response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Various stimuli are perceived and recognized by plasma membrane, where lipid signal transduction is initiated by a molecular receptor. The phospholipid signaling network includes the major phospholipid hydrolyzing enzymes like phospholipases. Phospholipases play important roles in several biological functions such as biotic and abiotic stresses, nutrient deficiency tolerance, and plant growth and development. Plant phospholipases are classified into phospholipase A (PLA), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase D (PLD) based on the position of hydrolysis on a glycerophospholipid molecule. These phospholipases act on different membrane lipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphoinositide (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidyleserine (PS), resulting in lipid remodeling and generation of secondary lipid messengers, which are involved in many physiological processes such as plant growth, development, and stress responses.