Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Negative regulators of grain yield and mineral contents in rice: potential targets for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Yadav, Banita; Majhi, Ashis; Phagna, Kanika; Meena, Mukesh Kumar; Ram, Hasthi
    Rice is a major global staple food crop, and improving its grain yield and nutritional quality has been a major thrust research area since last decades. Yield and nutritional quality are complex traits which are controlled by multiple signaling pathways. Sincere efforts during past decades of research have identified several key genetic and molecular regulators that governed these complex traits. The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene knockout approaches has accelerated the development of improved varieties; however, finding out target gene with negative regulatory function in particular trait without giving any pleiotropic effect remains a challenge. Here, we have reviewed past and recent literature and identified important negative regulators of grain yield and mineral contents which could be potential targets for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout. Additionally, we have also compiled a list of microRNAs (miRNAs), which target positive regulators of grain yield, plant stress tolerance, and grain mineral contents. Knocking out these miRNAs could help to increase expression of such positive regulators and thus improve the plant trait. The knowledge presented in this review would help to further accelerate the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated trait improvement in rice.
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    Assessment of diversity in anti-nutrient profile, resistant starch, minerals and carbohydrate components in different ricebean (Vigna umbellata) accessions
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sharma, Paras; Goudar, Giridhar; Chandragiri, Anil Kumar; Ananthan, R; Subhash, K; Chauhan, Anitha; Longvah, T; Singh, Mohar; Bhardwaj, Rakesh; Parida, Swarup K.; Singh, Amit Kumar; Gayacharan; Chattopadhyay, Debasis
    Ricebean accessions (n = 38) cultivated in India were evaluated for their comprehensive nutrient, anti-nutrients and mineral composition. Protein and total dietary fibre ranged between 23.23 and 27.33 and 12.27 to 16.69 g/100 g, respectively. Among the oligosaccharides, verbascose was not detected, however, raffinose and stachyose ranged between 47 and 186 and 117 to 5765 mg/100 g, respectively. Among the free sugars, sucrose was found dominating (up to 370 mg/100 g). Resistant starch (4.13 to 8.62 %), iron (3.49 to 7.46 mg/100 g), zinc (1.90 to 3.72 mg/100 g) and selenium (0.28 to 4.48 µg/100 g) varied significantly (p < 0.05) among ricebean samples. Phytic acid, saponin, trypsin inhibitor and oxalate analysed in ricebean accessions ranged between 303 and 760 mg/100 g, 19 to 46 mg/g, 309 to 1076 mg/100 g and 219 to 431 mg/100 g, respectively. Multivariate analysis using hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to decipher the diversity of nutrients and anti-nutrients across the ricebean accessions. Based on HCA, dendrogram-1 (nutrients) and dendrogram-2 (minerals, anti-nutrients) were produced, having four clusters in each. In the dendrogram-1 and 2, the largest cluster had (n = 21) and (n = 15) accessions, respectively. The PCA analyse the uncorrelated set of variables (principal components) and it condenses a large set of data variables. Based on the eigenvalue >1, a total of eight PCs were formed contributing total variance of 78.8 %. The factor loading contribution in the PC1 and PC2 were from iron, fructose, glucose, raffinose and total dietary fibre, selenium (Se) and protein, respectively.