Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Molecular intricacies of modulating seed dormancy through CRISPR/Cas9 technology
    (Oxford University Press, 2026) Gautam, Shikha; Kamble, Nitin Uttam; Majee, Manoj
    The processes of seed development, maturation, and dormancy acquisition are complex and tightly regulated, and play a critical role in plant survival and propagation. Over the past decades, significant advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that govern these intricate processes. The interplay among hormone signaling, epigenetic regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and environmental cues has been recognized as central to determining seed fate. Despite these advancements, many molecular components remain to be fully discovered. Recent developments in CRISPR-based gene-editing technologies have provided promising tools for the precise regulation of seed dormancy without compromising other seed traits. Although CRISPR has been effectively utilized to modify genes controlling physiological characteristics in a wide range of crops, its application in regulating dormancy remains at an early stage. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular and genetic mechanisms controlling seed maturation, dormancy acquisition and germination, with particular emphasis on emerging CRISPR-based strategies. Realizing this potential, however, requires a deeper understanding of the complex regulatory networks orchestrating seed dormancy acquisition and germination. Identifying optimal gene targets and refining editing strategies will be crucial for developing reliable and sustainable dormancy-control systems. Therefore, we highlight key gene targets, summarize their functional relevance, and discuss how genome editing could be leveraged to fine-tune dormancy and germination behaviour. The studies discussed herein underscore the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas9 and related genome-editing platforms in advancing seed biology and crop improvement, paving the way for next-generation seed technologies.
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    Gaining acceptance of novel plant breeding technologies
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021) Anders, Sven; Cowling, Wallace; Pareek, Ashwani; Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis; Singla-Pareek, Sneh L.; Foyer, Christine H.
    Ensuring the sustainability of agriculture under climate change has led to a surge in alternative strategies for crop improvement. Advances in integrated crop breeding, social acceptance, and farm-level adoption are crucial to address future challenges to food security. Societal acceptance can be slow when consumers do not see the need for innovation or immediate benefits. We consider how best to address the issue of social licence and harmonised governance for novel gene technologies in plant breeding. In addition, we highlight optimised breeding strategies that will enable long-term genetic gains to be achieved. Promoted by harmonised global policy change, innovative plant breeding can realise high and sustainable productivity together with enhanced nutritional traits.
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    The CRISPR-Cas system for plant genome editing: advances and opportunities
    (Oxford University Press, 2015) Kumar, Vinay; Jain, Mukesh
    Genome editing is an approach in which a specific target DNA sequence of the genome is altered by adding, removing, or replacing DNA bases. Artificially engineered hybrid enzymes, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)–Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) system are being used for genome editing in various organisms including plants. The CRISPR–Cas system has been developed most recently and seems to be more efficient and less time-consuming compared with ZFNs or TALENs. This system employs an RNA-guided nuclease, Cas9, to induce double-strand breaks. The Cas9-mediated breaks are repaired by cellular DNA repair mechanisms and mediate gene/genome modifications. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the CRISPR–Cas system and its adoption in different organisms, especially plants, for various applications. Important considerations and future opportunities for deployment of the CRISPR–Cas system in plants for numerous applications are also discussed. Recent investigations have revealed the implications of the CRISPR–Cas system as a promising tool for targeted genetic modifications in plants. This technology is likely to be more commonly adopted in plant functional genomics studies and crop improvement in the near future.