Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Biotechnological approaches to dissect climate-resilient traits in millets and their application in crop improvement
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021) Singh, Roshan Kumar; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Prasad, Manoj
    'Small millets' is a generic term that includes all the millets except pearl millet and sorghum. These small or minor millets constitute eleven species that are marginally cultivated and consumed worldwide. These small millets possess excellent agronomic-, climate-resilient, and nutritional traits, although they lack popularity. Small millets withstand a broad spectrum of environmental stresses and possess better water-use and nitrogen-use efficiencies. Of note, small millets are five- to seven-fold nutritionally rich in terms of protein, bioactive compounds, micro- and macro-nutrients as compared to major cereals. Irrespective of these merits, small millets have received little research attention compared to major millets and cereals. However, the knowledge generated from such studies is significant for the improvement of millets per se and for translating the information to improve major cereals through breeding and transgene-based approaches. Given this, the review enumerates the efforts invested in dissecting the climate-resilient traits in small millets and provides a roadmap for deploying the information in crop improvement of millets as well as cereals in the scenario of climate change.
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    Biotechnology for drug discovery and crop improvement
    (Springer, 2017) Kamthan, Ayushi; Kamthan, Mohan; Datta, Asis
    Genomics has emerged as the single most powerful discipline for detailed analysis of organization expression, and interaction of an organism at the genome level. Pathogens like Candida albicans, Vibrio cholerae etc. are responsible for causing morbidity and mortality in human beings. Besides, phytopathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae can lead to potential loss of yield in staple crop of rice. Genes of N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine metabolic pathway has been found to be universal in the diverse pathogens like C. albicans, V. cholerae and M. oryzae, playing an important role in their virulence. Lack of optimal treatment and emergence of multi-drug resistance necessitate the designing of better/new drugs against these pathogens. Research on these pathogens has increased the understanding of virulence and pathogenicity factors which can serve as potential drug targets that can be efficiently utilized to design a successful therapy to combat various diseases. Agricultural biotechnology has provided new tools for effectively ensuring food and nutritional security that can overcome many of the technical roadblocks that limit the application of conventional biological techniques in agricultural research. Limitations of water resources, decreased fertility of arable land skyrocketing cost of energy and galloping increases in the population make it imperative that food supplies of the 21st century will depend on a new form of agriculture in which custom-made food plants will dominate the world market. The ultimate goal is to create crops that are tailored to provide better nutrition for humans, improved fruit shelf life and enhanced tolerance to various stresses.
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    Translation of genetic message
    (Prentice Hall of India, 2015) Tyagi, R.K.; Datta, Asis
    The Fourth Edition of the compendium pools together the knowledge and experience of experts from all over the world, who are engaged in teaching and research in the field of biochemistry, medical sciences and allied disciplines. Comprising 20 sections, the present edition of the book has been substantially revised incorporating the latest research and achievements in the field. Beginning appropriately with chemical architecture of the living systems, role and significance of biochemical reactions, organization of specialised tissues, and importance of food and nutrition, the book explores beyond traditional boundaries of biochemistry. The knowledge of various organ systems has been expanded covering their normal function, ailments and dysfunction. A chapter on Eye and Vision explaining molecular basis of cataract and glaucoma have been added. Also, the book introduces stem cells and regenerative therapy and defines molecules associated with pleasure, happiness, stress and anxiety. A Section on Gastrointestinal and Biliary System elaborates on physiology and dysfunction including fatty liver and its implications, and hepatitis viruses. The knowledge of Human Genetics and Biochemical Basis of Inheritance has been appropriately expanded to reflect the latest advances in various domains. Besides DNA fingerprinting for identity establishment, the Section discusses epigenetics, micro-RNA and siRNA including their role in gene expression, chromatin modification and its association with human diseases, and genetic engineering. It also explores emerging areas such as metabolomics and proteomics; synthetic biology; and dual use technology in bioterrorism. Due emphasis has been given to the Section on Cell Replication and Cancer. Emergence of the use of probiotics in human health has also been highlighted. Besides, an entire Section has been devoted to male and female reproductive systems, fertilization, implantation, pregnancy, lactation, and assisted reproductive technology. Immunology, including vaccines and immunization, has been given due attention with latest updates in this fast growing area. Modern medicine, despite its stupendous advances cannot provide cure for all ailments. Thus, the new edition provides knowledge of alternative medicine systems—Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani, Yoga and Herbal Medicine. Incorporating vast information on the latest and emerging areas, the book will be of immense value to the students of medical sciences not only in their preclinical years, but also in all phases of medical course including postgraduate education and practice. Besides, it will also serve as a valuable source to the students of biochemistry and human biology. Contents: The Book Comprises 136 Chapters Organised into 20 Sections Preface Section I: Chemical Architecture of the Living Systems Section II: Cellular Reactions Section III: Specialized Tissues and Organs Section IV: Foods and Nutrition Section V: Vitamins and Minerals Section VI: Gastrointestinal Tract and Hepatobiliary System Section VII: Probiotics Section VIII: Human Genetics, Biochemical Basis of Inheritance, Expression of Genetic Information, and Genetic Engineering Section IX: Cell Replication and Cancer Section X: Stem Cells and Regenerative Therapy Section XI: Hormones Section XII: Homeostasis Section XIII: Chemistry and Biology of Reproduction Section XIV: Immunology Section XV: Emerging Infections and Vaccines under Development Section XVI: Vaccines Section XVII: Complementary, Allied and Integrated Medicine Section XVIII: Principles of Chemotherapy Section XIX: Clinical Biochemistry Section XX: Developing Technology Trends Index