Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Bread wheat with enhanced grain carotenoid content: a novel option for wheat biofortification
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Padhy, Asish Kumar; Sharma, Achla; Sharma, Himanshu; Rajput, Ruchika; Pandey, Ashutosh; Srivastava, Puja; Kaur, Satinder; Kaur, Harinderjit; Singh, Satinder; Kashyap, Lenika; Mavi, Gurvinder Singh; Kaur, Jaspal; Sohu, Virinder Singh; Chhuneja, Parveen; Bains, Navtej Singh
    Colored wheat has piqued the interest of breeders and consumers alike. The chromosomal segment from 7E of Thinopyrum ponticum, which carries a leaf rust resistant gene, Lr19, has been rarely employed in wheat breeding operations due to its association with the Y gene, which gives a yellow tint to the flour. By prioritizing nutritional content over color preferences, consumer acceptance has undergone a paradigm change. Through marker-assisted backcross breeding, we introduced an alien segment harboring the Y (PsyE1) gene into a high yielding commercial bread wheat (HD 2967) background to generate rust resistant carotenoid biofortified bread wheat. Agro-morphological characterization was also performed on a subset of developed 70 lines having enhanced grain carotene content. In the introgression lines, carotenoid profiling using HPLC analysis demonstrated a considerable increase in β-carotene levels (up to 12 ppm). Thus, the developed germplasm caters the threat to nutritional security and can be utilized to produce carotenoid fortified wheat.
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    In silico characterization of Thinopyrum elongatum-derived PsyE1 gene and validation in 7D/7E bread wheat introgression lines open avenues for carotenoid biofortification in wheat
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Padhy, Asish Kumar; Kaur, Parampreet; Singh, Baljinder; Kaur, Ravinder; Bhatia, Sabhyata; Shamshad, M.; Sharma, Himanshu; Kaur, Satinder; Srivastava, Puja; Sharma, Achla
    Current global scenario demands agricultural productivity of food grains to be kept at abreast with burgeoning population. Cereals constitute major food stuff for millennia and biofortification of new cereal varieties provides an opportunity to tackle global-scale malnutrition deficiencies without doing major shifts in the diets. Carotenoid biofortification in wheat grains has recently caught the attention of breeders owing to a myriad of health benefits offered by this micronutrient. Thinopyrum elongatum-derived PsyE1 gene encoding for Phytoene Synthase encoding Y gene, is a jackpot to enhance the carotenoid content in wheat. The present study is the first report deciphering detailed in silico characterization of Thinopyrum elongatum-derived PsyE1 gene and its protein. Promoter analysis of chloroplast localized PsyE1 gene provides clues about its possible role in stress resistance along with enhancing the carotenoid content in both durum and bread wheat. Homology, phylogeny and protein modelling studies of PsyE1 revealed its closer evolutionary relationship with barley and wheat, as well as provided a preliminary insight into catalytic and secondary structure of the protein. PCR validation of PsyE1 in 7D/7E bread wheat introgression lines further facilitated development of functional marker that could be used to track its introgression in elite bread wheat varieties. Overall, these detailed insilico insights into structure, function and validation of PsyE1 open doors for its deployment in to produce carotene biofortified hexaploid wheat through facilitating development of functional markers and MAS, as well as to elucidate its mechanism of action and regulation in response to external stimuli.
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    CRISPR/Cas9 directed editing of lycopene epsilon-cyclase modulates metabolic flux for β-carotene biosynthesis in banana fruit
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Kaur, Navneet; Alok, Anshu; Shivani; Kumar, Pankaj; Kaur, Navjot; Awasthi, Praveen; Chaturvedi, Siddhant; Pandey, Pankaj; Pandey, Ashutosh; Pandey, Ajay K.; Tiwari, Siddharth
    Banana is one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. Genetic improvement in banana is a challenging task due to its parthenocarpic nature and triploid genome. Genetic modification of crops via the CRISPR/Cas9 module has emerged as a promising tool to develop important traits. In the present work, a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach was used to develop the β-carotene-enriched Cavendish banana cultivar (cv.) Grand Naine (AAA genome). The fifth exon of the lycopene epsilon-cyclase (LCYε) gene was targeted. The targeting specificity of the designed guide-RNA was also tested by its ability to create indels in the LCYε gene at the A genome of cv. Rasthali (AAB genome). Sequence analysis revealed multiple types of indels in the genomic region of Grand Naine LCYε (GN-LCYε). Metabolic profiling of the fruit pulp of selected edited lines showed enhanced accumulation of β-carotene content up to 6-fold (~24 μg/g) compared with the unedited plants. These lines also showed either an absence or a drastic reduction in the levels of lutein and α-carotene, suggesting metabolic reprogramming, without any significant effect on the agro-morphological parameters. In addition, differential expression of carotenoid pathway genes was observed in the edited lines in comparison to unedited plants. Overall, this is the first report in banana to improve nutritional trait by using a precise genome editing approach.