Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Seed endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis and its lipopeptides acts as elicitors of defense responses against Fusarium verticillioides in maize seedlings
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Pal, Gaurav; Saxena, Samiksha; Kumar, Kanchan; Verma, Anand; Kumar, Deepak; Shukla, Pooja; Pandey, Ashutosh; Verma, Satish K.
    Purpose: The potential of endophytic bacteria to improve plant health has been well-established. In maize plants, studies have reported the antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria against various kinds of phytopathogenic strains; however, the effect of lipopeptide inoculation on germinated seedlings and its underlying defense responses remain unexplored. In this study, we examined the effects of seed endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis and its lipopeptides in improving plant defense against Fusarium verticillioides in maize seedlings. Methods: In vitro germinated maize seedlings were treated with lipopeptides extracted from the B. velezensis, followed by inoculation with the phytopathogen Fusarium verticillioides. The lipopeptides were characterized using MALDI-TOF analysis and their effects on fungal colonization and defense gene expression were investigated. Polyphenol content was checked in the bacterium-ZMW8 as well as ZMW8 and Fusarium-inoculated seedlings through UHPLC. Results: Lipopeptide treatment to the maize seedling’s roots resulted in enhanced protection from the fungus with significant improvement in all the growth parameters measured. Antifungal lipopeptides were identified as bacillomycin D and fengycin. Confocal microscopy images revealed the heavy colonization of fungus on the seed and root surface of non-lipopeptide-treated seedlings. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of various defense response genes including ZmPR-1, ZmPR-4, ZmSOD-2, ZmLOX, ZmPDF1.2, and ZmERF in the roots of bacteria and lipopeptides-treated maize seedlings. Targeted metabolite analysis through UHPLC revealed the accumulation of antifungal polyphenols including p-coumaric acid, kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol (DHK), and dihydroquercetin (DHQ). Conclusions: The study highlights the potential of bacterial lipopeptides as elicitors of defense responses in maize seedlings against Fusarium infection.
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    Draft genome sequence and functional analysis of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus t26, a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from Capsicum chinense rhizosphere
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Phazna, T.A.; Ngashangva, Ng; Yentrembam, Randhir Babu Singh; Maurya, Ranjeet; Mukherjee, Pulok; Sharma, Chandradev; Verma, Praveen K.; Sarangthem, Indira
    Capsicum chinense is the chilli species containing the highest amount of capsaicin, and is an important traditional spice crop of Northeast India. Capsaicinoids derived from C. chinense are used in anticancer and anti-obesity treatments, as temperature regulators, in pain therapy, and as antioxidants. The current production and yield are very low due to the lack of organized cultivation and scientific inputs, and various plant diseases. Synthetic pesticides are frequently applied to boost yields, which creates potential risks to the environment, crops, and humans. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is an alternative strategy in crop disease management to reduce the dependency on agrochemicals, which have detrimental effects on the environment. Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus t26 isolated from the C. chinense rhizosphere has shown good prospects in plant growth promotion and biocontrol. It showed strong antagonistic activity against Pythium ultimum ITCC 1650, Rhizoctonia solani ITCC 6491, and Fusarium oxysporum ITCC 6246. The draft genome sequencing of L. xylanilyticus t26 yielded a total of 5.69 Mbp with a G+C content of 36.80%. Genome analysis revealed that L. xylanilyticus t26 is very similar to L. xylanilyticus MH683160.1, and is phylogenetically related to L. xylanilyticus IBBPo7. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that it harbored type III polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenes, and lantibiotics including cerecidin, bacteriocins, siderophores, and thiopeptides, which are important traits of rhizobacteria for the utilization of minerals and to compete with other microbes for food. The strain t26 is a potential biocontrol agent for soil-borne fungal diseases. In this study, we derived the possible siderophore production pathways through the analysis of L. xylanilyticus t26 draft genome and plant growth response bioassays. The availability of genome data provides information that this draft genome harbored a siderophore BGC, which is 33% similar to petrobactin.