Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Abiotic stresses

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    Histone deacetylase 9 interacts with SiHAT3.1 and SiHDA19 to repress dehydration responses through H3K9 deacetylation in foxtail millet
    (Oxford University Press, 2024) Kumar, Verandra; Singh, Babita; Singh, Roshan Kumar; Sharma, Namisha; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Sawant, Samir V; Prasad, Manoj
    Climate change inflicts several stresses on plants, of which dehydration stress severely affects growth and productivity. C4 plants possess better adaptability to dehydration stress; however, the role of epigenetic modifications underlying this trait is unclear. Particularly, the molecular links between histone modifiers and their regulation remain elusive. In this study, genome-wide H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) enrichment using ChIP-seq was performed in two foxtail millet cultivars contrastingly differing in dehydration tolerance (IC403579; cv. IC4 – tolerant, and IC480117; cv. IC41 – sensitive). It revealed that a histone deacetylase, SiHDA9, was significantly up-regulated in the sensitive cultivar. Further characterization indicated that SiHDA9 interacts with SiHAT3.1 and SiHDA19 to form a repressor complex. SiHDA9 might be recruited through the SiHAT3.1 recognition sequence onto the upstream of dehydration-responsive genes to decrease H3K9 acetylation levels. The silencing of SiHDA9 resulted in the up-regulation of crucial genes, namely, SiRAB18, SiRAP2.4, SiP5CS2, SiRD22, SiPIP1;4 and SiLHCB2.3, which imparted dehydration tolerance in the sensitive cultivar (IC41). Overall, the study provides mechanistic insights into SiHDA9-mediated regulation of dehydration stress response in foxtail millet.
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    Expression dynamics indicate the role of Jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway in regulating macronutrient (N, P and K+) deficiency tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2021) Deepika; Singh, Amarjeet
    Key message: Expression pattern indicates that JA biosynthesis pathway via regulating JA levels might control root system architecture to improve nutrient use efciency (NUE) and N, P, K+ defciency tolerance in rice. Abstract: Defciencies of macronutrients (N, P and K+) and consequent excessive use of fertilizers have dramatically reduced soil fertility. It calls for development of nutrient use efcient plants. Plants combat nutrient defciencies by altering their root system architecture (RSA) to enhance the acquisition of nutrients from the soil. Amongst various phytohormones, Jasmonic acid (JA) is known to regulate plant root growth and modulate RSA. Therefore, to understand the role of JA in macronutrient defciency in rice, expression pattern of JA biosynthesis genes was analyzed under N, P and K+ defciencies. Several members belonging to diferent families of JA biosynthesis genes (PLA1, LOX, AOS, AOC, OPR, ACX and JAR1) showed diferential expression exclusively in one nutrient defciency or in multiple nutrient defciencies. Expression analysis during developmental stages showed that several genes expressed signifcantly in vegetative tissues, particularly in root. In addition, JA biosynthesis genes were found to have signifcant expression under the treatment of diferent phytohormones, including Auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), JA and abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and cold. Analysis of promoters of these genes revealed various cis-regulatory elements associated with hormone response, plant development and abiotic stresses. These fndings suggest that JA biosynthesis pathway by regulating the level of JA might control the RSA thus, it may help rice plant in combating macronutrient defciency.
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    Role of abiotic stress responsive miRNAs in Arabidopsis root development
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2020) Singh, Archita; Gandhi, Nidhi; Mishra, Vishnu; Yadav, Sandeep; Rai, Vandna; Sarkar, Ananda K.
    Abiotic stresses like drought, extreme temperature, and lack of sufficient water or nutrients adversely affect plant growth and productivity. The physiological responses of higher plants to the environmental stresses are largely influenced by the root system, which can quickly modulate its developmental pattern under changing water, nutrient, and temperature, as an adaptive response. Protein coding genes, phytohormones and microRNAs (miRNAs) are among the key players which imparts crucial intrinsic role in shaping the root development and its environment adaptive growth pattern. Among these factors, miRNAs belong to a class of small non-coding RNAs of 21–24 nucleotides in length, which regulates various aspects of plant growth and development by negatively regulating their target genes through either transcriptional cleavage or translational inhibition. Although many miRNAs have been identified to be differentially regulated under various abiotic stress conditions, only a limited number of them have been characterized, due to the complex nature of its regulation. However, some of the miRNAs, such as miR156, miR165/166, miR169 etc., have recently been shown to be involved in both abiotic stress response and root development, indicating the diverse role of miRNA mediated gene regulation. The field of miRNA mediated gene regulation is dynamically expanding and more miRNAs are being characterized for their function. Current review focuses on miRNAs that are differentially regulated by major abiotic stresses as well as are involved in root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. We highlight their role in regulation of multiple and diverse aspects of developmental and physiological processes in Arabidopsis.
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    Sucrose transport in response to drought and salt stress involves ABA-mediated induction of OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET15 in rice
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2021) Mathan, Jyotirmaya; Singh, Anuradha; Ranjan, Aashish
    Abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, negatively affect plant development and physiology at molecular and metabolic levels. Sucrose transport, mediating distribution of photosynthates in plant, is a key physiological process impacted by drought and salinity stresses, as sucrose is a prime energy and signaling molecule as well as an osmolyte. Therefore, understanding the effects of abiotic stresses on sucrose transport and transporters, and underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms is imperative to maintain sugar homeostasis in plants under stress. Here, we investigated the effects of drought and salinity stresses on sucrose transport and distribution, and on expression levels of genes encoding SWEET transporters, along with a potential transcription factor regulating SWEET expression in rice. We observed that drought and salinity stresses increased the sucrose content in leaf and root tissues, and in phloem sap of rice indica varieties. Expression analyses of SWEET genes and histochemical analysis of GUS reporter transgenic plants suggested that OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET15 are major SWEET transporters regulating the sucrose transport and levels in response to the abiotic stresses. Transactivation analyses showed that an ABA‐responsive transcription factor OsbZIP72 directly binds to the promoters of OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET15, and activates their expression. Taken together, the results showed that the higher expressions of OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET15 genes, induced by binding of an ABA‐responsive transcription factor OsbZIP72 to the promoters, potentially modulate sucrose transport and distribution in response to the abiotic stresses. The mechanism could possibly be targeted for maintaining sugar homeostasis in rice under drought and salinity stresses.
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    Chromatin-based epigenetic regulation of plant abiotic stress response
    (Bentham Science, 2016) Pandey, Garima; Sharma, Namisha; Sahu, Pranav Pankaj; Prasad, Manoj
    Plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic and biotic factors limiting their growth and reproduction. In response, they need various sophisticated ways to adapt to adverse environmental conditions without compromising their proper development, reproductive success and eventually survival. This requires an intricate network to regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, including epigenetic switches. Changes in chromatin modifications such as DNA and histone methylation have been observed in plants upon exposure to several abiotic stresses. In the present review, we highlight the changes of DNA methylation in diverse plants in response to several abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, cold and heat. We also discuss the progresses made in understanding how these DNA methylation changes might contribute to the abiotic stress tolerance.
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    Ectopic expression of the ABA-inducible dehydration-responsive chickpea L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase 2 (CaMIPS2) in Arabidopsis enhances tolerance to salinity and dehydration stress
    (Springer, 2013) Kaur, Harmeet; Verma, Pooja; Petla, Bhanu Prakash; Rao, Venkateswara; Saxena, Saurabh C.; Majee, Manoj
    Myo-inositol participates in many different aspects of plant physiology and myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS; EC 5.5.1.4) catalyzes the rate limiting step of inositol biosynthetic pathway. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), a drought-tolerant leguminous crop plant, is known to accumulate increased inositol during dehydration stress. Previously, we reported two differentially expressed divergent genes (CaMIPS1 and CaMIPS2) encoding two MIPS isoforms in chickpea. In this communication, we demonstrated that CaMIPS2 is an early dehydration-responsive gene and is also rapidly induced by exogenous ABA application, while CaMIPS1 expression is not much influenced by dehydration or ABA. The regulation of expression of these two genes has been studied by examining their promoter activity through GUS reporter gene and differential promoter activity has been observed. Moreover, unlike CaMIPS1 promoter, CaMIPS2 promoter contains CRT/DRE cis-regulatory element which seems to play a key role in dehydration-induced expression of CaMIPS2. Furthermore, CaMIPS1 and CaMIPS2 have been successfully complemented and shown to repair the defect of seedling growth and altered seed phenotype of Atmips1 mutant. Moreover, Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing CaMIPS1 or CaMIPS2 exhibit improved tolerance to salinity and dehydration stresses and such tolerance of transgenic plants is correlated with their elevated level of inositol. Remarkably, CaMIPS2 transgenic lines perform better in all attributes than CaMIPS1 transformants under such stress conditions, due to comparatively unabated production of inositol by CaMIPS2 enzyme, as this enzyme retains significant activity under stress conditions.
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    Role of NACs in regulation of abiotic stress responses in plants
    (Bentham Science Publishers, USA, 2012) Puranik, Swati; Prasad, Manoj
    Abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity and cold are common adverse environmental conditions that significantly influence plant growth and productivity worldwide. NAC domain proteins are important plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that regulate the expression of many stress-inducible genes. They act both by an ABA-dependent or independent manner and play a critical role in improving abiotic stress tolerance of plants by interacting with cis- element present in the promoter region of various abiotic stress- responsive genes. We summarize recent studies highlighting the structural and functional characters of specific members of this family, the current knowledge on the relation between NACs and their cis-elements, with emphasis on the expression and regulation of NACs in the adaptive responses to abiotic stresses. The progress of the practical and application value of NACs in crop improvement engineering has also been discussed