Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Abiotic Stress

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    Heat shock proteins and abiotic stress tolerance in plants
    (Springer Nature, 2018) Mishra, Divya; Shekhar, Shubhendu; Singh, Deepika; Chakraborty, Subhra; Chakraborty, Niranjan
    Abiotic stresses restrict plant growth and development, and reduce harvest index of many crop species worldwide. Maintenance of native conformation of proteins and reducing the accumulation of non-native proteins are imperative for survival under stress conditions as such stresses frequently lead to protein aggregation causing metabolic dysfunction. Heat shock proteins (HSP) play a key role in conferring abiotic stress tolerance. Plants protect themselves from numerous stresses by inducing HSP, besides some stress-responsive proteins, suggesting analogous response mechanisms. A close association between the HSP and ROS also co-exists, indicating that plants have evolved to gain a higher degree of regulation over ROS toxicity and can use ROS as elicitor to induce HSP for better adaptations through activating an array of molecules. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms of plant response against various stress and the role of HSP in acquired stress tolerance is utmost important to delineate their specific function as a part of stress-responsive module. The HSP have been well characterized in different crop species, albeit the knowledge about their correlation with genome sequence information as well as their functional plasticity is limited.
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    Conscientiousness of mitogen activated protein kinases in acquiring tolerance for abiotic stresses in plants
    (Indian National Science Academy, 2014) Ara, H; Sinha, Alok Krishna
    Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a conserved signalling cascade among eukaryotes. It is usually a three component signalling cascade comprising of a MAPK kinase kinase, a MAPK kinase and finally a MAPK connected to each other by an event of phosphorylation. All these three component are multigene family in plants. MAPK gets activated upon phosphorylation and in turn regulates variety of proteins both in cytosol and nucleus. MAPK are basically very sensitive enzyme and gets activated by a myriad of stimuli both biotic and abiotic. Besides sensing the stimuli, MAPKs have their role in development, senescence and other vital processes of a plant life. In the present review the role of MAP kinase in transducing abiotic stress signal have been discussed.
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    Homeobox genes as potential candidates for crop improvement under abiotic stress
    (Springer, 2013) Bhattacharjee, Annapurna; Jain, Mukesh
    Understanding the molecular basis of plant responses to the major abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity is very important for the biotechnological application of stress adaptation for crop improvement. In this context, thousands of stress-responsive genes have been identified and a few of them have been functionally characterized. Some of them have been proposed as suitable targets for genetic engineering in order to impart stress tolerance in plants. Amidst numerous genes analyzed, transcription factors are considered to be very good targets for studying the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress response as they singularly or in conjunction regulate the expression of many downstream target genes. Among the various transcription factor encoding genes, homeobox genes, which are well known to be involved in diverse aspects of development, have also recently been implicated in abiotic stress responses. Through various overexpression and mutant studies, the versatility of homeobox genes in plants has been revealed. There are evidences where these genes have been found to confer stress tolerance in plants. This review highlights the importance of homeobox genes in abiotic stress responses and their potential for engineering stress tolerance for crop improvement.
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    The mediator complex in plants: structure, phylogeny and expression profiling of representative genes in a dicot (Arabidopsis) and a monocot (rice) during reproduction and abiotic stress
    (Am. Soc. of Plant Biologists, 2011) Mathur, Saloni; Vyas, Shailendra; Kapoor, Sanjay; Tyagi, Akhilesh K.
    The Mediator (Med) complex relays regulatory information from DNA-bound transcription factors to the RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes. This macromolecular unit is composed of three core subcomplexes in addition to a separable kinase module. In this study, conservation of Meds has been investigated in 16 plant species representing seven diverse groups across the plant kingdom. Using Hidden Markov Model-based conserved motif searches, we have identified all the known yeast/metazoan Med components in one or more plant groups, including the Med26 subunits, which have not been reported so far for any plant species. We also detected orthologs for the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Med32, -33, -34, -35, -36, and -37 in all the plant groups, and in silico analysis identified the Med32 and Med33 subunits as apparent orthologs of yeast/metazoan Med2/29 and Med5/24, respectively. Consequently, the plant Med complex appears to be composed of one or more members of 34 subunits, as opposed to 25 and 30 members in yeast and metazoans, respectively. Despite low similarity in primary Med sequences between the plants and their fungal/metazoan partners, secondary structure modeling of these proteins revealed a remarkable similarity between them, supporting the conservation of Med organization across kingdoms. Phylogenetic analysis between plant, human, and yeast revealed single clade relatedness for 29 Med genes families in plants, plant Meds being closer to human than to yeast counterparts. Expression profiling of rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis Med genes reveals that Meds not only act as a basal regulator of gene expression but may also have specific roles in plant development and under abiotic stress conditions.
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    Role of plant transcription factors in abiotic stress tolerance
    (INTECH Open Access Publishers, 2011) Lata, Charu; Yadav, Amita; Prasad, Manoj
    Plants are constantly exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses such as drought, high salt, heat and extremes of temperature. Growth constraints due to these abiotic stresses result in reduced productivity and significant crop losses globally. Drought and salinity affect more than 10% of arable land, which results in more than 50% decline in the average yields of important crops worldwide (Bray et al., 2000). Tolerance or susceptibility to these stresses is also a very intricate event as stress may affect multiple stages of plant development and often several stresses concurrently affect the plants (Chinnusamy et al., 2004). Therefore, the basic mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance and adaptation have been the area of comprehensive research.