Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Innovations in industrial and functional food applications of lentil in the era of biofortification
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2025) Padhy, Asish Kumar; Chaurasia, Shiksha; Manivannan, Abinaya; Tripathi, Kuldeep; Sapna, Sapna; Bhatia, Sabhyata
    Lentil can serve as a prebiotic and therapeutic healthy food due to the presence of essential micronutrients, functional proteins, minerals, and carbohydrates, as well as phytochemicals that have shown to be promising in the prevention of several chronic diseases. Nutraceutical properties derived from the phytochemicals present in lentil has expanded its scope of usage to a broader perspective. In this regard, a lot of innovations have been carried out to use lentil in the form of crisps, chips, bakery products, yogurt, pasta, including in the brewing industries. Eforts are being carried out to develop meat analogs out of lentil four. However, niche area specifc consumer preferences have limited its explorations in other innovative areas. This will also necessitate developing genetic resources and varieties aligning to the needs of producers and consumers with acceptable sensory properties. Hence, demand driven development of breeding materials for biofortifcation and crop improvement programs needs considerable amount of investment in research and development of the crop. This review is a campedium of innovations in development of industrial, functional food products from lentil along with their nutritional properties and sensory acceptability serve a foundation for the researchers to invent more to popularize lentil among the consumers to ensure nutritional security.
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    Breeding and genomics approaches for improving phosphorus-use efficiency in grain legumes
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Jha, Uday Chand; Nayyar, Harsh; Parida, Swarup K.; Beena, R.; Pang, Jiayin; Siddique, Kadambot H.M.
    Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant macronutrient, but P sources for plant growth are non-renewable, causing great concern for future sustainable agriculture and global food security. Thus, enhancing plant P-use efficiency (PUE) by improving P-acquisition and P-utilization efficiencies is urgently needed in various crops, including grain legumes, for intensive cropping systems. This review discusses how to harness the genetic variability in PUE traits across grain legume gene pools to improve PUE using various conventional breeding approaches and emerging breeding tools. The genetic architecture of PUE traits is complex, being quantitatively inherited and highly influenced by the environment. Thus, we discuss how the biparental QTL mapping approach has been used to dissect the genetic architecture of PUE traits. Unprecedented advances in legume genomics resources, especially high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphisms, have facilitated uncovering genomic regions related to PUE across the whole genome using a genome-wide association mapping approach. Likewise, the availability of complete genome sequence information, pangenome sequences, and the whole-genome resequencing approach have provided novel insights into structural variation, including presence/absence and copy number variations, underpinning PUE. Simultaneously, progress in functional genomics, including transcriptomics and computational biology, has facilitated the discovery of various underlying transcription factors and the corresponding downstream P signal perception genes and candidate gene(s) controlling PUE and conferring low-P tolerance in various legumes with putative function. We also discuss updated metabolomics and proteomics approaches that have improved our understanding of various gene networks, P-starvation signaling pathways, and P acquisition and utilization of molecular mechanisms important for PUE. Finally, we summarize how novel breeding schemes, including genomic selection, speed breeding, and emerging CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools, will assist in designing P-use-efficient cultivars and adapting grain legumes to low-P environments. Thus, enhancing PUE by integrating various ‘omics’ approaches could improve P-acquisition and P-utilization efficiencies in various modern grain legume cultivars grown in intensive cropping systems to restrict P-fertilizer overuse and preserve the declining non-renewable global rock phosphate reservoir for securing an economical and sustainable future agriculture.
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    Omics of neglected and underutilized crop species: one small step for NUCS, one giant leap for addressing global hunger
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2020) Prasad, Manoj
    Evolution, domestication, and breeding have given the global population a rich spread of plant-based foods that still continues to feed the human race. However, due to preferential factors and related issues, the count of consumed crops has been narrowed down and are called staple crops. Consequently, the current world predominantly relies on rice, wheat, and maize for their food. These three crops were projected to cater to more than 50% of the world's population, while another twelve crops altogether with five animal species cater to the food requirements of more than 75% of the population. This shrinkage has resulted in focussed research on the improvement of these mainstream crops, whereas the remaining species have remained neglected and underutilized. The crops cultivated and consumed by marginal communities and those that have not received much research attention are called neglected and underutilized crop species' (NUCS). These NUCS can strengthen food security, alleviate poverty and increase the resilience and sustainability of farming systems [1]. The notable characteristics of NUCS are; (i) they are adapted to marginal environments and can thrive under low-input, and stressful growing conditions that limit agricultural productivity around the world and will become more prevalent with climate change, (ii) NUCS are highly nutritious, such that they can contribute to healthier diets worldwide and particularly for the rural poor, (iii) owing to their potential, they can produce novel consumer products to generate income for smallholder farmers and their communities, and (iv) NUCS are typically embedded within local cultural traditions, and their increased use could strengthen local identities and contribute to empowering marginalized communities. Owing to the potential of NUCS we can say "one small step for NUCs, one giant leap for addressing global hunger". Realizing it to be the high time, in this article, we have discussed NUCS and their research progress to bring these crops into mainstream research and innovation.
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    Multi-omics approaches for strategic improvement of stress tolerance in underutilized crop species: A climate change perspective
    (Elsevier B.V., 2019) Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Singh, Nagendra Kumar; Prasad, Manoj
    For several decades, researchers are working toward improving the “major” crops for better adaptability and tolerance to environmental stresses. However, little or no research attention is given toward neglected and underutilized crop species (NUCS) which hold the potential to ensure food and nutritional security among the ever-growing global population. NUCS are predominantly climate resilient, but their yield and quality are compromised due to selective breeding. In this context, the importance of omics technologies namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, phenomics and ionomics in delineating the complex molecular machinery governing growth, development and stress responses of NUCS is underlined. However, gaining insights through individual omics approaches will not be sufficient to address the research questions, whereas integrating these technologies could be an effective strategy to decipher the gene function, genome structures, biological pathways, metabolic and regulatory networks underlying complex traits. Given this, the chapter enlists the importance of NUCS in food and nutritional security and provides an overview of deploying omics approaches to study the NUCS. Also, the chapter enumerates the status of crop improvement programs in NUCS and suggests implementing “integrating omics” for gaining a better understanding of crops' response to abiotic and biotic stresses.