Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Breeding and biotechnological interventions for trait improvement: status and prospects
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2020) Singh, Roshan Kumar; Prasad, Ashish; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Parida, Swarup K.; Prasad, Manoj
    Crop improvement relies on modulating the genes and genomic regions underlying key traits, either directly or indirectly. Direct approaches include overexpression, RNA interference, genome editing, etc., while breeding majorly constitutes the indirect approach. With the advent of latest tools and technologies, these strategies could hasten the improvement of crop species. Next-generation sequencing, high-throughput genotyping, precision editing, use of space technology for accelerated growth, etc. had provided a new dimension to crop improvement programmes that work towards delivering better varieties to cope up with the challenges. Also, studies have widened from understanding the response of plants to single stress to combined stress, which provides insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating tolerance to more than one stress at a given point of time. Altogether, next-generation genetics and genomics had made tremendous progress in delivering improved varieties; however, the scope still exists to expand its horizon to other species that remain underutilized. In this context, the present review systematically analyses the diferent genomics approaches that are deployed for trait discovery and improvement in major species that could serve as a roadmap for executing similar strategies in other crop species. The application, pros, and cons, and scope for improvement of each approach have been discussed with examples, and altogether, the review provides comprehensive coverage on the advances in genomics to meet the ever-growing demands for agricultural produce.
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    Genomics-assisted breeding for improving stress tolerance of graminaceous crops to biotic and abiotic stresses: Progress and prospects
    (Springer, 2017) Singh, RK; Sahu, PP; Muthamilarasan, M; Dhaka, A; Prasad, Manoj
    Advances in genomics research have led to the development of high-quality reference genome data, genome-wide molecular markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL), and high-throughput genotyping platforms for cereal crops. The availability of these genomic resources has facilitated the development of breeding technologies such as genomics-assisted breeding (GAB). GAB is an advanced form of marker-assisted breeding where genome-wide genetic selection and high-density genotyping are performed to generate elite varieties with better agronomic traits. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a genotypic variation based indirect selection method that reduces the time and cost of breeding. The different approaches of MAS include marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) or introgression of agronomically important alleles or QTLs with relatively large effect, marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) for introduction of complex traits and genomic selection (GS) based on overall molecular markers distributed throughout the genome. In view of these, the present chapter discusses the application of genetic and genomic resources in identification and mapping of stress-tolerant genes/QTLs and their application in molecular breeding. In addition, the chapter also summarizes the current status of marker-assisted selection approach for improving tolerance to drought and virus infection in major graminaceous crops. The challenges and future prospects of GAB in enhancing crop productivity under stress conditions have also been summarized.
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    Translational genomics in Brassica crops: challenges, progress, and future prospects
    (Springer, 2014) Augustine, Rehna; Arya, Gulab C.; Nambiar, Deepti M.; Kumar, Roshan; Bisht, Naveen C.
    The last two decades have been a period of rapid advancement in our understanding of plant biology and its related developmental processes. This advancement has been facilitated by the adoption of plant models for most of the economically important plant families, as well as the development of enriched genetic, genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic resources. In recent years, sequencing projects on major crops have further enhanced our understanding of their genomic structure, evolution, gene functions, and, most importantly, this knowledge has been utilized for crop improvement. The Brassicaceae family contains several important research and agricultural species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and economically important Brassica crops that are of great importance to human health and agriculture. Exploiting heterosis for yield enhancement, increasing tolerance against biotic and abiotic factors, and improving nutritional value remain the priorities in Brassica crop improvement. This review summarizes the potential of recently adopted genetic and genomic resources, as well as the basic knowledge obtained from studying the closest model plant A. thaliana, to accelerate the crop improvement programs in Brassica crops.
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    Rice genomics moves ahead
    (Springer, 2010) Raghuvanshi, Saurabh; Kapoor, Meenu; Tyagi, Shashi; Kapoor, Sanjay; Khurana, Paramjit; Khurana, Jitendra; Tyagi, Akhilesh K.
    Rice is one of the pillars of world-wide food security. Improvement in its yield is necessary to mitigate hunger of millions of people who depend on rice as a staple. Decoding rice genome sequence is expected to complement efforts being made to improve rice and its yield. The information about more than 32,000 genes, regulatory elements, repeat DNA, and DNA markers opens-up new horizons for molecular analysis and genetic enhancement not only for rice but also for other cereal crops. In the post-genomic era, significant progress has been made on defining transcriptome and epigenome as well as gene discovery by way of forward and reverse genetic approaches. Efforts are on to fill the gap between the genome and the phenotype. This may lead to regular practice of genomics-assisted breeding of rice.