Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Callus induction and efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol for Chickpea
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2024) Jangid, Vinod Kumar; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa; Chandran, Divya; Sinharoy, Senjuti
    The development of an efficient and consistent callus-mediated in vitro regeneration protocol is crucial for biotechnological approaches aimed at improving chickpea, an economically important crop legume. In this study, we assess the effectiveness of callus-mediated regeneration in different chickpea genotypes. Through in vitro screening of explants, we identified the Indian cultivar Pusa 240 as a favourable genotype with higher efficiency of somatic embryogenesis and in vitro plant regeneration. Building upon this finding, we have successfully established two distinct protocols for chickpea callus-mediated somatic embryogenesis, utilizing leaf and hypocotyl explants obtained from the Pusa 240 genotype. These protocols achieved plant regeneration efficiencies of 27% using leaf explants and 46.6 − 66% using hypocotyl explants. Extensive literature review and comparative analysis underscored the superiority of our current protocol. Subsequently, the regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the greenhouse, exhibiting normal phenotypic growth. This detailed regeneration method will provide a valuable resource for chickpea genetic transformations and the generation of large mutant populations where embryogenesis via callus formation is required. The protocol presented here establishes a powerful tool for studying the functional genomics of chickpea plants and lays the foundation for future advancements in this field.
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    Advances in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of graminaceous crops
    (Springer, 2016) Singh, Roshan Kumar; Prasad, Manoj
    Steady increase in global population poses several challenges to plant science research, including demand for increased crop productivity, grain yield, nutritional quality and improved tolerance to different environmental factors. Transgene-based approaches are promising to address these challenges by transferring potential candidate genes to host organisms through different strategies. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer is one such strategy which is well known for enabling efficient gene transfer in both monocot and dicots. Due to its versatility, this technique underwent several advancements including development of improved in vitro plant regeneration system, co-cultivation and selection methods, and use of hyper-virulent strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring super-binary vectors. The efficiency of this method has also been enhanced by the use of acetosyringone to induce the activity of vir genes, silver nitrate to reduce the Agrobacterium-induced necrosis and cysteine to avoid callus browning during co-cultivation. In the last two decades, extensive efforts have been invested towards achieving efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in cereals. Though high-efficiency transformation systems have been developed for rice and maize, comparatively lesser progress has been reported in other graminaceous crops. In this context, the present review discusses the progress made in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in rice, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, sugarcane, Brachypodium, millets, bioenergy and forage and turf grasses. In addition, it also provides an overview of the genes that have been recently transferred to these graminaceous crops using Agrobacterium, bottlenecks in this technique and future possibilities for crop improvement.