Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Deletion of the PtrDJ1C gene leads to increased branching in poplar
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Du, Jingxia; Shao, Chunxue; Wang, Dong; Feng, Zizhuo; Cui, Chuwen; Li, Ruili; Jewaria, Pawan Kumar; Wang, Xuanyi; Xiao, Jianwei; Wang, Xinwei
    The PtrDJ1C gene is essential for poplar growth and early chloroplast development. Disruption of PtrDJ1C expression results in an albino leaf phenotype and increased branching. However, the underlying mechanism for the increased branching remains unknown. In this study, we employed integrated approaches to investigate the function of PtrDJ1C in the branch-increasing phenotype. Our results revealed that levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) were significantly reduced in ptrdj1c mutants, while cytokinin (CK) levels were slightly increased. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified several key genes and proteins involved in hormone regulation and branching development that were differentially expressed. Specifically, the expression levels of TAA, ZEP, and GA20ox—genes involved in IAA, GA, and ABA biosynthesis—were significantly reduced in ptrdj1c, while IPT and LOG, which regulate CK synthesis, were upregulated. Moreover, immunoblot analysis further validated reduced levels of key biosynthetic enzymes for IAA, GA, and ABA, alongside increased levels of IPT and LOG enzymes. Interestingly, our findings suggest that hormone signaling pathways act in concert with the transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) to synergistically promote branching development. These results provide novel insight into the regulatory role of PtrDJ1C in hormone balance and its downstream effects on poplar branching.
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    SiHSFA2e regulated expression of SisHSP21.9 maintains chloroplast proteome integrity under high temperature stress
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Singh, Roshan Kumar; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Prasad, Manoj
    High temperature-induced crop failures are prominent nowadays in major staples, including rice, wheat, and maize; however, crops such as foxtail millet (Setaria italica) are resilient to temperature stress. In this study, a novel small heat shock protein of foxtail millet, SisHSP21.9, is identified and characterized for its role in conferring tolerance to high-temperature stress. SisHSP21.9 is a panicoid-specific gene, which is highly upregulated during high-temperature in leaves, and the protein is localized in the chloroplast. Its expression is directly regulated by heat shock factor, SiHSFA2e, during temperature stress. Further, overexpression of SiHSP21.9 in rice enhanced the survival of transgenics during high-temperature stress (> 80% survival frequency), and the transgenic lines showed improved plant architecture and overall grain yield. Compared to WT plants, transgenic lines maintained optimal photosynthesis rates with higher photosystem efficiencies at high temperatures, and this is conferred through protecting the components of photosystems, chlorophyll-binding proteins, and chloroplast-localized functional proteins by SisHSP21.9. Prolonged high-temperature stress showed minimal damage to chloroplast proteins resulting in comparatively lower yield loss (35–37%) in transgenic lines. Altogether, the study suggests that SisHSP21.9 is a potential candidate for designing thermotolerant crops for climate-resilient agriculture; however, further research is needed because tolerance to abiotic stresses is polygenic.
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    Phosphate deficiency response and membrane lipid remodeling in plants
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2021) Verma, Lokesh; Rumi; Sinha, Alok Krishna; Giri, Jitender
    Phosphorus (P) deficiency represents one of the significant constraints affecting plants growth and development. Plants have evolved with various adaptations to maximise the uptake of soil P and its distribution in the different organs. Membrane phospholipids store a significant amount of P as the cellular resource that is remobilised under the P deficiency condition. To utilise this P resource, plants initiate membrane lipid remodeling in which metabolic pathways are activated to allow Pi extraction from the phospholipids and reduce the P demand by increasing the synthesis of P-free lipids for replacing the phospholipids in the membrane. Many organisms, including non-photosynthetic/photosynthetic bacterium to plants employ this adaptation to survive under P deficiency conditions. The candidate genes and encoded enzymes seem to be broadly conserved among the different organisms; however, there are variations in a spatiotemporal manner. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of membrane lipid remodelling and its regulation crucial for plants adaption to Pi deficiency.
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    Proteomic dissection of the chloroplast: Moving beyond photosynthesis
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Lande, Nilesh Vikram; Barua, Pragya; Gayen, Dipak; Kumar, Sunil; Chakraborty, Subhra; Chakraborty, Niranjan
    Chloroplast, the photosynthetic machinery, converts photoenergy to ATP and NADPH, which powers the production of carbohydrates from atmospheric CO2 and H2O. It also serves as a major production site of multivariate pro-defense molecules, and coordinate with other organelles for cell defense. Chloroplast harbors 30–50% of total cellular proteins, out of which 80% are membrane residents and are difficult to solubilize. While proteome profiling has illuminated vast areas of biological protein space, a great deal of effort must be invested to understand the proteomic landscape of the chloroplast, which plays central role in photosynthesis, energy metabolism and stress-adaptation. Therefore, characterization of chloroplast proteome would not only provide the foundation for future investigation of expression and function of chloroplast proteins, but would open up new avenues for modulation of plant productivity through synchronizing chloroplastic key components. In this review, we summarize the progress that has been made to build new understanding of the chloroplast proteome and implications of chloroplast dynamicsing generate metabolic energy and modulating stress adaptation.
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    Chilli leaf curl virus infection downregulates the expression of the genes encoding chloroplast proteins and stress-related proteins
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2019) Kushwaha, Nirbhay Kumar; Mansi; Sahu, Pranav Pankaj; Prasad, Manoj; Chakrabroty, Supriya
    Virus infection alters the expression of several host genes involved in various cellular and biological processes in plants. Most of the studies performed till now have mainly focused on genes which are up-regulated and later projected them as probable stress tolerant/susceptible genes. Nevertheless, genes which are down-regulated during plant-virus interaction could also play a critical role on disease development as well as in combating the virus infection. Hence, to identify such down-regulated genes and pathway, we performed reverse suppression subtractive hybridization in Capsicum annuum var. Punjab Lal following Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) infection. The screening and further processing suggested that majority of the genes (approximately 35% ESTs) showed homology with the genes encoding chloroplast proteins and 16% genes involved in the biotic and abiotic stress response. Additionally, we identified several genes, functionally known to be involved in metabolic processes, protein synthesis and degradation, ribosomal proteins, energy production, DNA replication and transcription, and transporters. We also found 3% transcripts which did not show homology with any known genes. The redundancy analysis revealed the maximum percentage of chlorophyll a-b binding protein (15/96) and auxin-binding proteins (13/96).