Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Chlorogenic acid-mediated chemical defense of plants against insect herbivores
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2019) Kundu, Anish; Vadassery, Jyothilakshmi
    Chlorogenic acid is one of the most abundant beneficial polyphenols in plants and is well known as nutritional anti‐oxidant in plant based foods. Apart from its dietary antioxidant activity, it has been proven to be an efficient defense molecule against a broad range of insect herbivores. In the last two decades, several reports have shown the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid for insect's growth deterrence. Biosynthetic pathway for chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in plants was previously elucidated and metabolic engineering of the principal pathway showed high chlorogenic acid production in tomato plants. Herbivore mediated induction of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis was also demonstrated both at metabolite and transcript level, though herbivore‐mediated molecular regulation of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis is not fully elucidated yet. In this communication, we present our views on the efficacy of chlorogenic acid as anti‐herbivore defense molecule in plants and also discuss its future outlook.
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    Spodoptera litura-mediated chemical defense is differentially modulated in older and younger systemic leaves of Solanum lycopersicum
    (Springer Nature, 2018) Kundu, Anish;  Mishra, Shruti; Vadassery, Jyothilakshmi
    Main conclusion: Metabolite profling, biochemical assays, and transcript analysis revealed diferential modulation of specifc induced defense responses in local, older, and younger systemic leaves in Solanum lycopersicum upon Spodoptera litura herbivory. Plants reconfgure their metabolome upon herbivory to induce production of defense metabolites involved in both direct and indirect defenses against insect herbivores. Herbivory mediated leaf-to-leaf systemic induction pattern of primary and nonvolatile secondary metabolites is not well studied in tomato. Here, we show that, in cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum herbivory by generalist insect, Spodoptera litura results in diferential alteration of primary metabolites, majorly sugars and amino acids and specifc secondary metabolites in local, younger, and older systemic leaves. Cluster analysis of 55 metabolites identifed by GC–MS showed correlation between local and younger systemic leaves. Re-allocation of primary metabolites like glucose and amino acids from the local to systemic leaf was observed. Secondary metabolites chlorogenic acid, cafeic acid, and catechin were signifcantly induced during herbivory in systemic leaves. Among specifc secondary metabolites, chlorogenic acid and catechin signifcantly inhibits S. litura larval growth in all stages. Local leaf exhibited increased lignin accumulation upon herbivory. Diferential alteration of induced defense responses like reactive oxygen species, polyphenol oxidase activity, proteinase inhibitor, cell wall metabolites, and lignin accumulation was observed in systemic leaves. The metabolite alteration also resulted in increased defense in systemic leaves. Thus, comparative analysis of metabolites in local and systemic leaves of tomato revealed a constant re-allocation of primary metabolites to systemic leaves and diferential induction of secondary metabolites and induced defenses upon herbivory.