Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Multi-omics intervention in Setaria to dissect climate-resilient traits: Progress and prospects
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Aggarwal, Pooja Rani; Pramitha, Lydia; Choudhary, Pooja; Singh, Roshan Kumar; Shukla, Pooja; Prasad, Manoj; Muthamilarasan , Mehanathan
    Millets constitute a significant proportion of underutilized grasses and are well known for their climate resilience as well as excellent nutritional profiles. Among millets, foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and its wild relative green foxtail (S. viridis) are collectively regarded as models for studying broad-spectrum traits, including abiotic stress tolerance, C4 photosynthesis, biofuel, and nutritional traits. Since the genome sequence release, the crop has seen an exponential increase in omics studies to dissect agronomic, nutritional, biofuel, and climate-resilience traits. These studies have provided first-hand information on the structure, organization, evolution, and expression of several genes; however, knowledge of the precise roles of such genes and their products remains elusive. Several open-access databases have also been instituted to enable advanced scientific research on these important crops. In this context, the current review enumerates the contemporary trend of research on understanding the climate resilience and other essential traits in Setaria, the knowledge gap, and how the information could be translated for the crop improvement of related millets, biofuel crops, and cereals. Also, the review provides a roadmap for studying other underutilized crop species using Setaria as a model.
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    Recent advancements and future perspectives of foxtail millet genomics
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Panchal, Anurag; Singh, Roshan Kumar; Prasad, Manoj
    One of the oldest domesticated crops, foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is known for its enormous seed production and ability to grow in unfavourable agro-economic conditions. This understudied diploid panicoid crop plant which performs C4 type of photosynthesis, contains approximately seven folds higher proteins with macro and micro-nutrients as compared to major cereals including rice and wheat. Encompassing a small genome size of ~ 515 Mb, short life cycle, and inbred properties make this orphan crop a potential model system to study abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms adopted by plants. Rich phenotypic variation and the largest available germplasm collection of cultivated and wild species exists for foxtail millet. Release of whole genome sequence in 2012, led to acceleration of functional genomic studies and molecular characterization of Setaria genes conferring stress tolerance. Recent advancements in integrative OMICS and NGS approaches are contributing in functional analysis, understanding complex gene regulatory networks and molecular mechanisms behind its growth and development. Abiotic stress tolerance traits of foxtail millet including drought, salinity, and its survival in nutrient-poor soil can be introduced in popular crop plants by genetic engineering techniques. Stable plant transformation system and precise gene editing in foxtail millet are under optimization which can revolutionize the theme of climate resilient future crops. Overall, foxtail millet has characteristics to serve as an excellent C4 model plant to study evolution, stress physiology and biomass production for bioenergy crops to serve sustainable global food security in near future.
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    Foxtail millet: A model crop for genetic and genomic studies in bioenergy grasses
    (Informa UK Limited, an Informa Group Company (T&F Group), 2013) Lata, Charu; Gupta, Sarika; Prasad, Manoj
    Foxtail millet is one of the oldest domesticated diploid C4 Panicoid crops having a comparatively small genome size of approximately 515 Mb, short life cycle, and inbreeding nature. Its two species, Setaria italica (domesticated) and Setaria viridis (wild progenitor), have characteristics that classify them as excellent model systems to examine several aspects of architectural, evolutionary, and physiological importance in Panicoid grasses especially the biofuel crops such as switchgrass and napiergrass. Foxtail millet is a staple crop used extensively for food and fodder in parts of Asia and Africa. In its long history of cultivation, it has been adapted to arid and semi-arid areas of Asia, North Africa, South and North America. Foxtail millet has one of the largest collections of cultivated as well as wild-type germplasm rich with phenotypic variations and hence provides prospects for association mapping and allele-mining of elite and novel variants to be incorporated in crop improvement programs. Most of the foxtail millet accessions can be primarily abiotic stress tolerant particularly to drought and salinity, and therefore exploiting these agronomic traits can enhance its efficacy in marker-aided breeding as well as in genetic engineering for abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, the release of draft genome sequence of foxtail millet would be useful to the researchers worldwide in not only discerning the molecular basis of biomass production in biofuel crops and the methods to improve it, but also for the introgression of beneficial agronomically important characteristics in foxtail millet as well as in related Panicoid bioenergy grasses.