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    Volatile metabolite compositions of the essential oil from aerial parts of ornamental and artemisinin rich cultivars of Artemisia annua
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2008) Goel, Divya; Mallavarupu, Gopal Rao; Kumar, Sushil; Singh, Vijender; Ali, Mohammed
    The essential oils of the aerial parts (flowers, leaves and stems) of the artemisinin rich cultivar ‘Jeevanraksha’ and artemisinin poor ornamental type cultivar Suraksha of Artemisia annua, grown at New Delhi, were characterized for their metabolite composition by GC and GC/MS analyses. Ninety-seven compounds comprising 91.3% of the total oil of ‘Jeevanraksha’ were identified. Forty-three monoterpenes (56.6%), 32 sesquiterpenes (31.1%), and 2 diterpenes (0.2%) comprised bulk of the oil (87.9%). The oil was devoid of artemisia ketone and contained camphor (13.5%), 1,8-cineole (9.4%), trans-sabinol (7.1%), p-mentha-1(7), 5-dien-2-ol (6.3%), myrcene (4.7%), germacrene D (4.4%), (E)-β-farnesene (3.9%), β-caryophyllene (3.7%), dihydroartemisinic lactone (3.0%) and p-cymene (2.0%) as the major constituents. Eighty-six compounds representing 93.3% of the composition were identified in the Suraksha oil. This oil contained artemisia ketone (47%), 1,8-cineole (8.4%), camphor (5.9%) and α-pinene (5.2%) as the major components. Many compounds were detected in the A. annua oil for the first time. Consistent with hybrid origin of the cultivar ‘Jeevanraksha’, its oil possessed characteristics reported earlier for the corresponding essential oils of the A. annua accessions of Vietnamese origin and North-American accessions.
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    Establishment of artemisinin combination therapy as first line treatment for combating malaria: Artemisia annua cultivation in India needed for providing sustainable supply chain of artemisinin
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2005) Kumar, Sushil; Srivastava, Suchi
    The Plasmodium falciparum malaria is responsible for about 500 million clinical attacks and one million deaths each year, mostly in Africa and southeast Asia. On account of the parasite having become resistant to the conventional antimalarials, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the only reliable treatment option. The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) and Millennium Development Goals (MDG) campaigns of WHO and UNDP, respectively, have made little headway, mainly because of paucity of artemisinin in world market. Here we show that the cultivation and processing of Artemisia annua, presently the only resource of artemisinins, in India, in partnerships, can help build a sound supply chain of artemisinin.