Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Genome-wide association studies for improving agronomic traits in foxtail millet
    (Springer, 2017) Singh, Roshan Kumar; Prasad, Manoj
    With the immense advancements in sequencing and data mining approaches, identification of genome-wide genetic variants in a population has become very popular. The use of these resources in the development of a dense genetic map of genome variations and to identify associated quantitative traits has become widespread in crop genetics. In recent years, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has become a powerful tool in revealing the relationship between natural variation of complex genotype and genetic locus. A slight variation in the genetic architecture of an individual in a population results in contrasting agronomic traits compared to the other individuals. GWAS utilized high-throughput genotyping platform and extensively phenotyping data to detect the links between genetic variations that underlie variations in agronomic traits. These studies can accelerate the use of genomic selection in marker-assisted breeding for crop improvement. Here, a brief discussion of available genomic resources and their utilization, quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying agronomic traits, GWAS in foxtail millet, and the prospects for this field in crop designing is given.
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    Identification of novel SNP in promoter sequence of TaGW2-6A associated with grain weight and other agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (PLOS, 2015) Jaiswal, Vandana; Gahlaut, Vijay; Mathur, Saloni; Agarwal, Priyanka; Khandelwal, Manoj Kumar; Khurana, Jitendra Paul; Tyagi, Akhilesh K.; Balyan, Harindra Singh; Gupta, Pushpendra Kumar
    TaGW2 is an orthologue of rice gene OsGW2, which encodes E3 RING ubiquitin ligase and controls the grain size in rice. In wheat, three copies of TaGW2 have been identified and mapped on wheat homoeologous group 6 viz. TaGW2-6A, TaGW2-6B and TaGW2-6D. In the present study, using as many as 207 Indian wheat genotypes, we identified four SNPs including two novel SNPs (SNP-988 and SNP-494) in the promoter sequence of TaGW2-6A. All the four SNPs were G/A or A/G substitutions (transitions). Out of the four SNPs, SNP-494 was causal, since it was found associated with grain weight. The mean TGW (41.1 g) of genotypes with the allele SNP-494_A was significantly higher than mean TGW (38.6 g) of genotypes with the allele SNP-494_G. SNP-494 also regulates the expression of TaGW2-6A so that the wheat genotypes with SNP-494_G have higher expression and lower TGW and the genotypes with SNP-494_A have lower expression but higher TGW. Besides, SNP-494 was also found associated with grain length-width ratio, awn length, spike length, grain protein content, peduncle length and plant height. This suggested that gene TaGW2-6A not only controls grain size, but also controls other agronomic traits. In the promoter region, SNP-494 was present in 'CGCG' motif that plays an important role in Ca2+/calmodulin mediated regulation of genes. A user-friendly CAPS marker was also developed to identify the desirable allele of causal SNP (SNP-494) for use in marker-assisted selection for improvement of grain weight in wheat. Using four SNPs, five haplotypes were identified; of these, Hap_5 (G_A_G_A) was found to be a desirable haplotype having significantly higher grain weight (41.13g) relative to other four haplotypes (36.33-39.16 g).