Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Biotechnological interventions for production of therapeutic secondary metabolites using hairy root cultures of medicinal plants
    (Elsevier B.V., 2016) Srivastava, V.; Mehrotra, S.; Verma, Praveen K.
    The repository of molecules (secondary metabolites) in plants have been identified as an effective candidate to cure human diseases. This immense potential is continuously being utilized by exploiting natural plant resources. Such practices led to environmental imbalances and many natural sites were deserted. This chapter provides current perspectives on plant hairy root cultures as an important model for sustainable therapeutic secondary metabolite production. Here, the imperative interventions of biotechnology to enhance the accumulation of such molecules are discussed. Current research trends for metabolite enhancement through media optimization, elicitation, precursor feeding, metabolic engineering, and upscaling are taken into consideration.
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    Agroinfiltration by cytokinin-producing Agrobacterium sp. strain GV3101 primes defense responses in Nicotiana tabacum
    (American Phytopathological Society, 2014) Sheikh, Arsheed Hussain; Raghuram, Badmi; Eschen-Lippold, Lennart; Scheel, Dierk; Lee, Justin; Sinha, Alok Krishna
    Transient infiltrations in tobacco are commonly used in plant studies, but the host response to different disarmed Agrobacterium strains is not fully understood. The present study shows that pretreatment with disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 primes the defense response to subsequent infection by Pseudomonas syringae in Nicotiana tabacum. The presence of a trans-zeatin synthase (tzs) gene in strain GV3101 may be partly responsible for the priming response, as the tzs-deficient Agrobacterium sp. strain LBA4404 only weakly imparts such responses. Besides inducing the expression of defense-related genes like PR-1 and NHL10, GV3101 pretreatment increased the expression of tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes like MEK2, WIPK (wound-induced protein kinase), and SIPK (salicylic acid-induced protein kinase). Furthermore, the GV3101 strain showed a stronger effect than the LBA4404 strain in activating phosphorylation of the tobacco MAPK, WIPK and SIPK, which presumably prime the plant immune machinery. Lower doses of exogenously applied cytokinins increased the activation of MAPK, while higher doses decreased the activation, suggesting a balanced level of cytokinins is required to generate defense response in planta. The current study serves as a cautionary warning for plant researchers over the choice of Agrobacterium strains and their possible consequences on subsequent pathogen-related studies.