Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    Expression analysis of ROS-related genes during the germination of chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) seeds
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2026) Babuta, Priyanka; Samant, Sanjib Bal; Saini, Deepak; Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis
    Seed germination is a critical physiological process that transforms a quiescent seed into a metabolically active seedling and is also a crucial factor in determining maximum crop production. This transition is influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in breaking seed dormancy by oxidation of biomolecules, weakening of the testa and degradation of endosperm. Similarly, molecular internal oxygen is also considered vital for the transition of dormancy to seed germination. However, it is essential to establish a correlation between the internal oxygen and the generation of ROS during seed germination. This chapter details protocols for imaging internal oxygen concentrations using VisiSens and fluorescent detection of ROS using H2DCFDA in chickpea seeds, complemented by qPCR analysis of key ROS-related genes (RBOH, AOX 1, UCP 1, and NADH dehydrogenase). These findings from these methods help advance our understanding of the inverse relationship between molecular oxygen and ROS dynamics during seed germination.
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    Measurement of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide from tomato plants in response to abiotic and biotic stresses
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2024) Samant, Sanjib Bal; Manbir; Rekha; Swain, Jagannath; Singh, Pooja; Kumari, Aprajita; Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis
    Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical molecule that has been known to influence several cellular processes such as plant growth, development, and stress responses. NO together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in signaling process. Due to extremely low half-life of these radicals in cellular environment, it is often difficult to precisely monitor them. Each method has some advantages and disadvantages; hence, it is important to measure using multiple methods. To interpret the role of each signaling molecule in numerous biological processes, sensitive and focused methods must be used. In addition to this complexity, these Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and NO react with each other leads to nitro-oxidative stress in plants. Using tomato as a model system here, we demonstrate stepwise protocols for measurement of NO by chemiluminescence, DAF fluorescence, nitrosative stress by western blot, and ROS measurement by NBT and DAB under stress conditions such as osmotic stress and Botrytis infection. While describing methods, we also emphasized on benefits, drawbacks, and broader applications of these methods.
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    Heat stress mitigation by silicon nutrition in plants: A comprehensive overview
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Shilpha, Jayabalan; Manivannan, Abinaya; Soundararajan, Prabhakaran; Jeong, Byoung Ryong
    Rapid climatic changes have exacerbated the severity of extreme weather events in agricultural regions, such as rainfall, elevated temperatures, and drought stress. As a result, heat stress (HS) has emerged as one of the most serious abiotic risks to crop development, productivity, and nutritional security due to the continued rise in global mean temperature. According to the IPCC, average global temperatures will rise by 3–6 °C by 2100. Importantly, excessive temperature stress during the reproductive stage results in a significant reduction of crop output. Consequently, there is an urgent need to comprehend food crops’ response and tolerance mechanisms to heat stress. Plants respond to high-temperature stress by initiating a series of physiological, biochemical, and molecular events and adapt by activating many stress-responsive genes. Silicon (Si) is a subtle element that improves plant growth and development and protects it against numerous abiotic and biotic challenges. Several studies have proved that the exogenous application of Si has significantly mitigated the negative impacts of abiotic stresses. However, there have only been a few investigations on the Si’s role in reducing the deleterious consequences of heat stress. Therefore, this chapter summarizes the heat-induced responses and damages in plants. In a few examples, we discuss the versatile functions of Si in mitigating abiotic stresses, including heat stress and Si-mediated molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance.