Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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Has files: NoSubject: search.filters.subject.Macrophomina phaseolina

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    A blotting paper technique for the screening of chickpea genotypes against dry root rot disease
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2026) Durgadevi, Athimoolam; Pandey, Prachi; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa
    Dry root rot (DRR) disease is a major threat to chickpea production across the world. This disease is caused by a soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina. The use of disease-resistant varieties paves the way to conquer the disease spread. Though chickpea germplasm with rich genetic diversity is available around the world, its response to DRR is still unexplored. In turn, this demands screening and identification of resistant genotypes for crop protection against the disease. Here we describe an improved blotting paper technique for the large-scale screening of chickpea genotypes for DRR resistance. The method is quick, cost-effective, less labour-intensive, and thus optimized for high-throughput screening and can be efficiently used to screen a large number of chickpea genotypes for resistance against DRR.
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    Extracellular acidification assay to evaluate the effectiveness of antifungal agents on the pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2026) Acharya, Krishna Ramakrishnan; Chilakala, Aswin Reddy; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa
    Macrophomina phaseolina is a fungus that causes dry root rot disease and considerable yield loss worldwide. Fungi exhibit various ways of absorbing nutrients through their plasma membrane, such as free or facilitated diffusion, diffusion channels, or active transport. Glucose, as a preferred carbon source, activates the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, resulting in the release of protons. Consequently, the protons, along with the organic acid metabolites released into the extracellular environment, acidify the cell surroundings. This decrease in pH cues the fungus to shift from saprotrophic to necrotrophic growth, facilitating host invasion. Sustainable dry root rot disease management often relies on the employment of antifungal agents from various biological sources. Despite the discovery of numerous antifungal agents, only a limited number have been evaluated for their efficacy against this phytopathogenic fungus. This scarcity of testing is primarily due to the limitations of existing methods, which often lack standardisation and reproducibility. This chapter introduces a rapid and sensitive method to assess the antifungal activity of various agents against M. phaseolina. By measuring extracellular pH changes after treatment in the presence of a nutrient source, we can determine the inhibitory concentrations of these agents and evaluate their potential for controlling fungal pathogenicity in plants.
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    Proteo-metabolomic dissection of extracellular matrix reveals alterations in cell wall integrity and calcium signaling governs wall-associated susceptibility during stem rot disease in jute
    (American Chemical Society, 2024) Arafat, Md Yasir; Narula, Kanika; Kumar, Mohit; Chakraborty, Niranjan; Chakraborty, Subhra
    The plant surveillance system confers specificity to disease and immune states by activating distinct molecular pathways linked to cellular functionality. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a preformed passive barrier, is dynamically remodeled at sites of interaction with pathogenic microbes. Stem rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, adversely affects fiber production in jute. However, how wall related susceptibility affects the ECM proteome and metabolome remains undetermined in bast fiber crops. Here, stem rot responsive quantitative temporal ECM proteome and metabolome were developed in jute upon M. phaseolina infection. Morpho-histological examination revealed that leaf shredding was accompanied by reactive oxygen species production in patho-stressed jute. Electron microscopy showed disease progression and ECM architecture remodeling due to necrosis in the later phase of fungal attack. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitative proteomics and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 415 disease-responsive proteins involved in wall integrity, acidification, proteostasis, hydration, and redox homeostasis. The disease-related correlation network identified functional hubs centered on α-galactosidase, pectinesterase, and thaumatin. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis pointed toward enrichment of disease-responsive metabolites associated with the glutathione pathway, TCA cycle, and cutin, suberin, and wax metabolism. Data demonstrated that wall-degrading enzymes, structural carbohydrates, and calcium signaling govern rot responsive wall-susceptibility. Proteomics data were deposited in Pride (PXD046937; PXD046939).