Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    The #semantic climate community: making open-source software for knowledge liberation
    (NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR, 2024) Yadav, Gitanjali; Hegde, Shweata; Kumari, Renu; Kumari, Neeraj; Murray-Rust, Peter; Worthington, Simon
    #semantic Climate is an international open research community led by young Indian scientists who use Open Notebook Science to transform information into structured filtered and actionable knowledge. The key project mission is to liberate scientific climate data, making it equitable and freely accessible to everyone. The #semantic Climate community achieves this through two central activities, namely collaborative open notebook science, and citizen engagement. The first activity is research oriented and involves creation of a proof-of-concept software toolkit that uses AI over NLP to transform locked literature (such as PDF documents) into semantic, hypermedia form. This is a non-trivial task, that has haunted developers for over three decades, and the #semantic Toolkit makes complex climate reports not just easily accessible, but also processable by machines, embedded in the Global Knowledge Graph and thereby connected to multilingual resources. The second activity is where the #semantic Climate community engages citizens in climate action and awareness through interactive hackathons, open and transparent working practices, and using Git versioning. From a citizen science perspective, this includes designing community outreach activities (games), giving attribution to all participants, and engaging the wider public in the culture and practices of science (verifiable knowledge, review, data science, modern infrastructure use, etc). This article is an overview of the #semantic Climate community building efforts, and how the project employs strategies, techniques, and ideas from the fields of Open Notebook Science. The open-source software culture and projects follow UNESCO Open Science values, and knowledge justice for the Global South, towards addressing knowledge neo-colonisation.
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    Biotechnological strategies to generate climate-smart crops: Recent advances and way forward
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2023) Maurya, Jyoti; Singh, Roshan Kumar; Prasad, Manoj
    Industrialization and other man-made actions caused accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmospheric troposphere layer, leading to enhanced greenhouse effect and hike in average global temperature in response. This led to unpredicted and frequent occurrences of rainfall, droughts, floods, and other climatic events. Changing climate has imposed direct abiotic stresses leading severe threat to global crop production either directly (morpho-physio-chemical effects) or indirectly (socioeconomic effects) and caused food insecurity worldwide. Moreover, these climate change effects are predicted to become more severe in the future. So, to ensure the global food security, development of climate-smart crops is an urgent need. Biotechnology-based approaches have paved the way to understand the role of different genes and their applications to achieve climate change induced stress tolerance and developed crops for sustainable agriculture in the present scenario. Keeping this in mind, the present book chapter briefs about the effect of climate change on crop growth, development, and yield, as well as plant responses and adaptations during changing environments. This chapter also discusses different strategies implied to combat the climate change and highlights the integrative-omics based approach and biotechnological strategies, as well as their advancements toward generating the climate-smart crops.
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    Understanding abiotic stress responses in lentil under changing climate regimes
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Singh, Baljinder; Padhy, Asish Kumar; Ambreen, Heena; Yadav, Manisha; Bhardwaj, Shubham; Singh, Gourav; Pandey, Vimal; Chakraborty, Anirban; Bhatia, Sabhyata
    Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a cool-season grain legume crop that is mainly cultivated across the semi-arid regions of Australia, South Asia, Africa, and North America. The crop is highly valued for its nutritional attributes such as dietary proteins (22–35%), carbohydrates, minerals, and fiber that play a significant role in alleviating malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies across populations in developing countries. The last five decades have seen an upward trend in global production of lentils from 0.85 to 5.73 Mt. suggesting its increasing demand and utilization. However, various abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, cold, salinity, and nutrient deficiency impose severe threats to the global lentil yield and productivity. The current book chapter is an attempt to comprehend the morpho-physiological and biochemical changes occurring during these stresses and the developmental plasticity shown by the plant to counteract them. Furthermore, the current status of research focusing on the development of novel molecular and functional markers/tags, identification of candidate genes/QTLs responsible for abiotic stress tolerance, the intervention of high throughput genotyping and phenotyping platforms, development of populations and linkage maps, and omics studies have been discussed. Some tolerant germplasm and varieties developed through conventional and next-generation breeding approaches are also enlisted making the book chapter a concise platform for reports of abiotic stress tolerance in lentils.
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    The promise of millets in the twenty-first century: emphasis on breeding, nutrition, food security and sustainability
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Bandyopadhyay, Tirthankar; Singh, Roshan Kumar; Ramesh, Palakurthi; Maurya, Jyoti; Prasad, Manoj
    Global population is expected to cross 11 billion by the turn of the century, which has put immense pressure on the existing agricultural systems worldwide. This is complicated by gradually decreasing productivity and acreage as a result of climate change in addition to ever-increasing input costs of resource hungry staple crops like rice, wheat, and maize. Unfortunately, the most affected by these events are those who have the least resources at their disposal to mitigate the issue, especially in countries of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. It is therefore pertinent to explore and adopt alternative and/or complementary crops that are easier to cultivate, climate change tolerant, less resource hungry, nutritionally richer for human consumption, and agriculturally sustainable. Millets are perfect cereal crops which meet all of these requirements and can realistically provide much-needed solutions to current global food and nutritional security challenges. In this review, we provide a bird’s eye view of the relevance of millets in global agro-ecosystems in the context of their nutritional and agronomic attributes. Furthermore, we share perspectives on the major areas of crop improvement programs worldwide and discuss major challenges confronting the same. Finally, we discourse on the scope of millets for wider acceptability and highlight major points at the interface of genetic intervention–crop management post-harvest practices worth considering to potentially facilitate robust millet-based nutritional and food security.