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Start date: 2021Subject: search.filters.subject.Rhizoctonia solani

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    OsNUOR enhances disease susceptibility by interfering with reactive oxygen species homeostasis and ferroptosis-like cell death
    (Oxford University Press, 2026)
    Necrotrophic fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of rice (Oryza sativa) sheath blight disease, enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to induce necrosis in infected tissues. Here, we present evidence that the host alternative NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (OsNUOR) facilitates R. solani infection by promoting an oxidative-stress-enriched environment and inducing iron-dependent ferroptosis-like cell death. OsNUOR overexpression (OE) lines exhibit enhanced disease susceptibility, whereas knock-out (KO) lines developed through genome editing demonstrate increased resistance. Infected OE lines have enhanced accumulation of ROS, lipid peroxides, and ferric ions (Fe3+); a significant reduction in antioxidative enzyme (including glutathione peroxidase) activity; and depletion of glutathione levels. In KO lines, the redox status of infected tissues is maintained, and the antioxidative defense is activated. Our data suggest that upregulation of OsNUOR induces mitochondrial ROS accumulation and modulates redox signalling, leading to Fe3+ accumulation and lipid peroxidation that promote necrosis in rice. KO lines are compromised in these processes and therefore exhibit disease resistance. We demonstrate that treatment with ferroptosis inhibitors prevents necrotic lesions, whereas ferroptosis inducers enhance disease severity. Overall, our study reveals the importance of ferroptosis-like cell death in promoting necrosis during R. solani infection in rice.
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    Methionine biosynthetic genes and methionine sulfoxide reductase A are required for Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA to cause sheath blight disease in rice
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2024) Das, Joyati; Ghosh, Srayan; Tyagi, Kriti; Sahoo, Debashis; Jha, Gopaljee
    Rhizoctonia solani is a polyphagous necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes sheath blight disease in rice. It deploys effector molecules as well as carbohydrate-active enzymes and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species for killing host tissues. Understanding R. solani ability to sustain growth under an oxidative-stress-enriched environment is important for developing disease control strategies. Here, we demonstrate that R. solani upregulates methionine biosynthetic genes, including Rs_MET13 during infection in rice, and double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of these genes impairs the pathogen's ability to cause disease. Exogenous treatment with methionine restores the disease-causing ability of Rs_MET13-silenced R. solani and facilitates its growth on 10 mM H2O2-containing minimal-media. Notably, the Rs_MsrA gene that encodes methionine sulfoxide reductase A, an antioxidant enzyme involved in the repair of oxidative damage of methionine, is upregulated upon H2O2 treatment and also during infection in rice. Rs_MsrA-silenced R. solani is unable to cause disease, suggesting that it is important for the repair of oxidative damage in methionine during host colonization. We propose that spray-induced gene silencing of Rs_MsrA and designing of antagonistic molecules that block MsrA activity can be exploited as a drug target for effective control of sheath blight disease in rice.
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    Evolution of pathogenicity-associated genes in Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA by genome duplication and transposon-mediated gene function alterations
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Francis, Aleena; Ghosh, Srayan; Tyagi, Kriti; Prakasam, V.; Rani, Mamta; Singh, Nagendra Pratap; Pradhan, Amrita; Sundaram, R. M.; Priyanka, C.; Laha, G. S.; Kannan, C.; Prasad, M. S.; Chattopadhyay, Debasis; Jha, Gopaljee
    Background: Rhizoctonia solani is a polyphagous fungal pathogen that causes diseases in crops. The fungal strains are classified into anastomosis groups (AGs); however, genomic complexity, diversification into the AGs and the evolution of pathogenicity-associated genes remain poorly understood. Results: We report a recent whole-genome duplication and sequential segmental duplications in AG1-IA strains of R. solani. Transposable element (TE) clusters have caused loss of synteny in the duplicated blocks and introduced differential structural alterations in the functional domains of several pathogenicity-associated paralogous gene pairs. We demonstrate that the TE-mediated structural variations in a glycosyl hydrolase domain and a GMC oxidoreductase domain in two paralogous pairs affect the pathogenicity of R. solani. Furthermore, to investigate the association of TEs with the natural selection and evolution of pathogenicity, we sequenced the genomes of forty-two rice field isolates of R. solani AG1-IA. The genomic regions with high population mutation rates and with the lowest nucleotide diversity are enriched with TEs. Genetic diversity analysis predicted the genes that are most likely under diversifying and purifying selections. We present evidence that a smaller variant of a glucosamine phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) protein, predicted to be under purifying selection, and an LPMP_AA9 domain-containing protein, predicted to be under diversifying selection, are important for the successful pathogenesis of R. solani in rice as well as tomato. Conclusions: Our study has unravelled whole-genome duplication, TE-mediated neofunctionalization of genes and evolution of pathogenicity traits in R. solani AG1-IA. The pathogenicity-associated genes identified during the study can serve as novel targets for disease control.
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    Heterologous overexpression of PDH45 gene of pea provides tolerance against sheath blight disease and drought stress in rice
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022) Sahoo, Ranjan Kumar; Chandan, Ravindra Kumar; Swain, Durga Madhab; Tuteja, Narendra; Jha, Gopaljee
    Biotic and abiotic stress tolerant crops are required for sustainable agriculture as well as ensuring global food security. In a previous study, we have reported that heterologous overexpression of pea DNA helicase (PDH45), a DEAD-box family member protein, provides salinity stress tolerance in rice. The improved management of photosynthetic machinery and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with PDH45 mediated salinity stress tolerance. However, the role of PDH45 in biotic and other abiotic stress (drought) tolerance remains unexplored. In the present study, we have generated marker-free transgenic IR64 rice lines that overexpress PDH45 under the CaMV35S promoter. The transgenic rice lines exhibited a significant level of tolerance against sheath blight disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, a polyphagous necrotrophic fungal pathogen. The defense as well as antioxidant responsive marker genes were significantly upregulated in the PDH45 overexpressing (OE) rice lines, upon pathogen infection. Moreover, the OE lines exhibited tolerance to drought stress and various antioxidant as well as drought responsive marker genes were significantly upregulated in them, upon drought stress. Overall, the current study emphasizes that heterologous overexpression of PDH45 provides abiotic as well as biotic stress tolerance in rice. Tolerance against drought as well as sheath blight disease by overexpression of a single gene (PDH45) signifies the practical implication of the present study. Moreover, considering the conserved nature of the gene in different plant species, we anticipate that PDH45 can be gainfully deployed to impart tolerance against multiple stresses in agriculturally important crops.
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    Foliar application or seed priming of cholic acid-glycine conjugates can mitigate/prevent the rice bacterial leaf blight disease via activating plant defense genes
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Pal, Garima; Mehta, Devashish; Singh, Saurabh; Magal, Kalai; Gupta, Siddhi; Jha, Gopaljee; Bajaj, Avinash; Ramu, Vemanna S.
    Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight and Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) causes sheath blight in rice accounting for >75% of crop losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop strategies for the mitigation of these pathogen infections. In this study, we report the antimicrobial efficacy of Cholic Acid-Glycine Conjugates (CAGCs) against Xoo and R. solani. We show that CAGC C6 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and is also able to degrade biofilms. The application of C6 did not hamper plant growth and showed minimal effect on the plant cell membranes. Exogenous application of C6 on pre-infection or post-infection of Xoo on rice susceptible genotype Taichung native (TN1) can mitigate the bacterial load and improve resistance through upregulation of plant defense genes. We further demonstrate that C6 can induce plant defense responses when seeds were primed with C6 CAGC. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of CAGCs as effective antimicrobials for crop protection that can be further explored for field applications.