Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.Gene editing

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    Plant biotic stress: tools and techniques for crop protection
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2026) Acharya, Krishna Ramakrishnan; Chilakala, Aswin Reddy; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa
    As climate change continues to impact crop yields, developing strategies to enhance plant tolerance to biotic stress has become increasingly important. This requires a thorough evaluation of the tools and methodologies used to manipulate and study biotic stress tolerance. It is crucial to comprehensively understand both conventional and modern techniques, as well as their effectiveness in addressing the specific needs of the crop under study. Detecting diseases at the early stages of plant development can prevent significant losses in large-scale cultivations. Two broad approaches commonly used to mitigate biotic stresses are eliminating causative agents such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, or pests, and imparting resistance to the plant. Although there are similarities in the tools and techniques used to address different biotic stresses, each scenario requires dedicated case studies. It is also essential to stay up to date with the latest developments in plant biotechnology to incorporate a cross-disciplinary approach in conducting and validating experiments. This chapter provides an overview of methods covered in this book ranging from molecular breeding to nondestructive techniques that help achieve the goal of safeguarding plant health.
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    Recent advances in plant gene silencing methods
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Pandey, Prachi; Mysore, Kirankumar S.; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa
    With the increasing understanding of fundamentals of gene silencing pathways in plants, various tools and techniques for downregulating the expression of a target gene have been developed across multiple plant species. This chapter provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms of gene silencing and highlights the advancements in various gene silencing approaches. The prominent aspects of different gene silencing methods, their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed. A succinct discussion on the newly emerged microRNA-based technologies like microRNA-induced gene silencing (MIGS) and microRNA-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (MIR-VIGS) are also presented. We have also discussed the gene-editing system like CRISPR-Cas. The prominent bottlenecks in gene silencing methods are the off-target effects and lack of universal applicability. However, the tremendous growth in understanding of this field reflects the potentials for improvements in the currently available approaches and the development of new widely applicable methods for easy, fast, and efficient functional characterization of plant genes.
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    Breeding and biotechnological interventions for trait improvement: status and prospects
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2020) Singh, Roshan Kumar; Prasad, Ashish; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Parida, Swarup K.; Prasad, Manoj
    Crop improvement relies on modulating the genes and genomic regions underlying key traits, either directly or indirectly. Direct approaches include overexpression, RNA interference, genome editing, etc., while breeding majorly constitutes the indirect approach. With the advent of latest tools and technologies, these strategies could hasten the improvement of crop species. Next-generation sequencing, high-throughput genotyping, precision editing, use of space technology for accelerated growth, etc. had provided a new dimension to crop improvement programmes that work towards delivering better varieties to cope up with the challenges. Also, studies have widened from understanding the response of plants to single stress to combined stress, which provides insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating tolerance to more than one stress at a given point of time. Altogether, next-generation genetics and genomics had made tremendous progress in delivering improved varieties; however, the scope still exists to expand its horizon to other species that remain underutilized. In this context, the present review systematically analyses the diferent genomics approaches that are deployed for trait discovery and improvement in major species that could serve as a roadmap for executing similar strategies in other crop species. The application, pros, and cons, and scope for improvement of each approach have been discussed with examples, and altogether, the review provides comprehensive coverage on the advances in genomics to meet the ever-growing demands for agricultural produce.