Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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Author: search.filters.author.Sinha, Alok KrishnaSubject: search.filters.subject.MAPK cascade

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    Role of mitogen activated protein kinase cascade in combating abiotic stress in plants
    (Springer, 2015) Ara, Hussain; Sinha, Alok Krishna
    Plants being sessile have to counter a plethora of stresses, both biotic and abiotic in order to grow and survive. The ability of plants to perceive these stresses at the cell surface and transduce them to the nucleus for appropriate cellular readjustment is one of the most sophisticated mechanisms they have developed during the process of evolution. Among several cascades helping in signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is one of the most important cascades that is ubiquitously present in all eukaryotes. This unique protein cascade is also involved in several developmental and vital processes in plants. This is essentially a phosphorelay cascade consisting of three components, a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK/MAP3K/MEKK/MKKK), a MAPK kinase (MAPKK/MAP2K/MEK/MKK), and a MAPK (MPK) connected to each other by the event of phosphorylation. All these components of MAPK cascade are multigene family and are involved in efficient transmission of specific stimuli in response to stress signaling. In the present chapter, we will highlight the involvement of different members of this phosphorelay cascade during abiotic stress in plants.
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    In silico analysis reveals 75 members of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase gene family in rice
    (Oxford University Press, 2010) Rao, Kudupudi Prabhakara; Richa, Tambi; Kumar, Kundan; Raghuram, Badmi; Sinha, Alok Krishna
    Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinases (MAPKKKs) are important components of MAPK cascades, which are universal signal transduction modules and play important role in plant growth and development. In the sequenced Arabidopsis genome 80 MAPKKKs were identified and currently being analysed for its role in different stress. In rice, economically important monocot cereal crop only five MAPKKKs were identified so far. In this study using computational analysis of sequenced rice genome we have identified 75 MAPKKKs. EST hits and full-length cDNA sequences (from KOME or Genbank database) of 75 MAPKKKs supported their existence. Phylogenetic analyses of MAPKKKs from rice and Arabidopsis have classified them into three subgroups, which include Raf, ZIK and MEKK. Conserved motifs in the deduced amino acid sequences of rice MAPKKKs strongly supported their identity as members of Raf, ZIK and MEKK subfamilies. Further expression analysis of the MAPKKKs in MPSS database revealed that their transcripts were differentially regulated in various stress and tissue-specific libraries.
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    Differential regulation of rice mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MKK) by abiotic stress
    (Elsevier B.V., 2008) Kumar, Kundan; Rao, Kudupudi Prabhakara; Sharma, Pallavi; Sinha, Alok Krishna
    Mitogen activated protein kinase cascade plays a crucial role in various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormones, cell division and developmental processes. MAP kinase kinase being integral part of this cascade performs an important function of integrating upstream signals to mitogen activated protein kinase for further appropriate cellular responses. We here report cloning of five MAP kinase kinase members from Oryza sativa indica cultivar var. Pusa Basmati 1, namely MAP kinase kinases 1, 3, 4, 6 and 10-2. All these members, except MKK10-2 possess fully canonical motif structures of MAP kinase kinase. The deduced amino acid sequence showed changes at certain position within japonica and indica variety of rice. Analysis of transcript regulation by quantitative real time PCR revealed that these five members are differentially regulated by cold, heat, salinity and drought stresses. MAP kinase kinases 4 and 6 are strongly regulated by cold and salt stresses while MAP kinase kinase 1 is regulated by salt and drought stresses. MAP kinase kinase 10-2 is regulated only by cold stress. The study provides the indication of involvement of specific MAP kinase kinase in different abiotic stress signaling and also possible cross talks that exist during the signaling processes.