Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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Author: search.filters.author.Sagar, SushmaSubject: search.filters.subject.Abiotic stress

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    Emerging role of phospholipase C mediated lipid signaling in abiotic stress tolerance and development in plants
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2021) Sagar, Sushma; Singh, Amarjeet
    Environmental stimuli are primarily perceived at the plasma membrane. Stimuli perception leads to membrane disintegration and generation of molecules which trigger lipid signaling. In plants, lipid signaling regulates important biological functions however, the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. Phospholipases C (PLCs) are important lipid-modifying enzymes in eukaryotes. In animals, PLCs by hydrolyzing phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] generate diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol- 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). However, in plants their phosphorylated variants i.e., phosphatidic acid (PA) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) are proposed to mediate lipid signaling. Specifc substrate preferences divide PLCs into phosphatidylinositol–PLC (PI–PLC) and non-specifc PLCs (NPC). PLC activity is regulated by various cellular factors including, calcium (Ca2+) concentration, phospholipid substrate, and post-translational modifcations. Both PI–PLCs and NPCs are implicated in plants’ response to stresses and development. Emerging evidences show that PLCs regulate structural and developmental features, like stomata movement, microtubule organization, membrane remodelling and root development under abiotic stresses. Thus, crucial insights are provided into PLC mediated regulatory mechanism of abiotic stress responses in plants. In this review, we describe the structure and regulation of plant PLCs. In addition, cellular and physiological roles of PLCs in abiotic stresses, phosphorus defciency, aluminium toxicity, pollen tube growth, and root development are discussed.
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    Genome-wide identification, structure analysis and expression profiling of phospholipases D under hormone and abiotic stress treatment in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021) Sagar, Sushma; Deepika; Biswas, Dipul Kumar; Chandrasekar, Ramsankar; Singh, Amarjeet
    Phospholipases D (PLDs) are phospholipid hydrolyzing enzymes and crucial components of lipid signaling in plants. PLDs are implicated in stress responses in different plants however, characterization of PLDs in chickpea is missing. Here, we identify 13 PLD genes in the chickpea genome. PLD family could be divided into α, β, δ, ε and ζ isoforms based on sequence and structure. Protein remodeling described that chickpea PLDs are composed of defined arrangements of α-helix, β-sheets and short loops. Phylogenetic analysis suggested evolutionary conservation of chickpea PLD family with dicots. In-planta subcellular localization showed the plasma membrane localization of chickpea PLDs. All PLD promoters had hormone and stress related cis-regulatory elements, which suggested overlapping function of PLDs in hormone and abiotic stress signaling. The qRT-PCR expression analysis revealed that most PLD genes are differentially expressed in multiple abiotic stresses (drought, salt and cold stress). Moreover, several PLD genes had overlapping expression in abiotic stress and ABA and JA treatment. These observations indicate the involvement of PLD gene family in cross-talk of phytohormone and abiotic stress signaling in chickpea. Thus, present study opens new avenues of utilizing PLD related information for understanding hormone-regulated abiotic stress signaling in legume crops.
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    Calcium dependent protein kinase, a versatile player in plant stress management and development
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2018) Singh, Amarjeet; Sagar, Sushma; Biswas, Dipul Kumar
    Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) form the major and unique group of calcium (Ca2+) sensors in plants. Attributed to their peculiar structural features, CDPKs play a dual role of “Ca2+ sensor and responder” and translate the message from specific Ca2+ signature to phosphorylation events. Most of the stress and developmental triggers instigate an increase in Ca2+ level and consequently Ca2+ signaling in plants. Expression and functional analyses across plant species have revealed differential regulation of CDPK transcripts, activity, protein interactions and substrate targeting under different cues, including biotic and abiotic stresses and plant development. Thus, vital roles of CDPKs are proposed in perpetuating stress and development triggered Ca2+ signaling to adaptive responses in plants. Genetic engineering using CDPK genes could be utilitarian in the agricultural biotechnology for imparting higher degree of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and better productivity. Here, we discuss the recent advancements and update of CDPK gene family organization, domain structure and regulatory mechanism, the role of CDPKs in abiotic stress, biotic stress, development signaling and responses in the model and crop plants.