Publications of NIPGR Scientists

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://ndkr-library.nipgr.ac.in/handle/123456789/1

Browse

Author: search.filters.author.Prasad, ManojSubject: search.filters.subject.Molecular markers

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Breeding and biotechnological interventions for trait improvement: status and prospects
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2020) Singh, Roshan Kumar; Prasad, Ashish; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Parida, Swarup K.; Prasad, Manoj
    Crop improvement relies on modulating the genes and genomic regions underlying key traits, either directly or indirectly. Direct approaches include overexpression, RNA interference, genome editing, etc., while breeding majorly constitutes the indirect approach. With the advent of latest tools and technologies, these strategies could hasten the improvement of crop species. Next-generation sequencing, high-throughput genotyping, precision editing, use of space technology for accelerated growth, etc. had provided a new dimension to crop improvement programmes that work towards delivering better varieties to cope up with the challenges. Also, studies have widened from understanding the response of plants to single stress to combined stress, which provides insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating tolerance to more than one stress at a given point of time. Altogether, next-generation genetics and genomics had made tremendous progress in delivering improved varieties; however, the scope still exists to expand its horizon to other species that remain underutilized. In this context, the present review systematically analyses the diferent genomics approaches that are deployed for trait discovery and improvement in major species that could serve as a roadmap for executing similar strategies in other crop species. The application, pros, and cons, and scope for improvement of each approach have been discussed with examples, and altogether, the review provides comprehensive coverage on the advances in genomics to meet the ever-growing demands for agricultural produce.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Review on different mechanisms of sex determination and sex-linked molecular markers in dioecious crops: a current update
    (Springer, 2015) Heikrujam, Monika; Sharma, Kuldeep; Prasad, Manoj; Agrawal, Veena
    Flowering plants are known to exhibit vast diversity of sexual systems encompassing bisexual, monoecious and dioecious conditions. Dioecy offers opportunities to explore separately the male and female programmes giving an insight to the evolutionary, developmental and molecular processes leading to separate mechanisms for sex expression. Mechanisms controlling sex can either be genetic or epigenetic (physiological and environmental). Plant hormones too influence sex expression. An active Y sex determination system and an X to autosomes ratio systems are common amongst the flowering plants. Advances in our understanding of sex determination has been addressed both by conventional as well as molecular approaches. Using conventional techniques mainly cytogenetics, sex chromosomes in some dioecious plants have been identified and characterized. Surprisingly, the presence of well defined sex chromosomes was found in only few species. Some sex linked genes have also been identified and characterized using molecular approaches but none of these genes have a direct link to sex determination. Molecular markers have been employed to resolve the enigma associated with dioecism to a certain extent. Its application in plant breeding is immensely beneficial. Positively, it would be beneficial for validation of sex prior their sex expression at larger perspectives. The present review therefore emphasizes the mode of sex determination among dioecious plants vis-a-vis summarizes the works related to gender specific markers generated using male and female plants from agriculturally important dioecious crops.