Publications of NIPGR Scientists
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Item Salinity stress response and 'omics' approaches for improving salinity stress tolerance in major grain legumes(Springer Nature, 2019) Jha, Uday Chand; Bohra, Abhishek; Jha, Rintu; Parida, Swarup K.Key message Sustaining yield gains of grain legume crops under growing salt-stressed conditions demands a thorough understanding of plant salinity response and more efficient breeding techniques that effectively integrate modern omics knowledge. Abstract Grain legume crops are important to global food security being an affordable source of dietary protein and essential mineral nutrients to human population, especially in the developing countries. The global productivity of grain legume crops is severely challenged by the salinity stress particularly in the face of changing climates coupled with injudicious use of irrigation water and improper agricultural land management. Plants adapt to sustain under salinity-challenged conditions through evoking complex molecular mechanisms. Elucidating the underlying complex mechanisms remains pivotal to our knowledge about plant salinity response. Improving salinity tolerance of plants demand enriching cultivated gene pool of grain legume crops through capitalizing on ‘adaptive traits’ that contribute to salinity stress tolerance. Here, we review the current progress in understanding the genetic makeup of salinity tolerance and highlight the role of germplasm resources and omics advances in improving salt tolerance of grain legumes. In parallel, scope of next generation phenotyping platforms that efficiently bridge the phenotyping–genotyping gap and latest research advances including epigenetics is also discussed in context to salt stress tolerance. Breeding salt-tolerant cultivars of grain legumes will require an integrated “omics-assisted” approach enabling accelerated improvement of salt-tolerance traits in crop breeding programs.Item Ultra-high density intra-specific genetic linkage maps accelerate identification of functionally relevant molecular tags governing important agronomic traits in chickpea(Nature Publishing Group, 2015) Kujur, Alice; Upadhyaya, Hari D.; Shree, Tanima; Bajaj, Deepak; Das, Shouvik; Saxena, Maneesha S.; Badoni, Saurabh; Kumar, Vinod; Tripathi, Shailesh; Gowda, C. L. L.; Sharma, Shivali; Singh, Sube; Tyagi, Akhilesh K.; Parida, Swarup K.We discovered 26785 and 16573 high-quality SNPs differentiating two parental genotypes of a RIL mapping population using reference desi and kabuli genome-based GBS assay. Of these, 3625 and 2177 SNPs have been integrated into eight desi and kabuli chromosomes, respectively in order to construct ultra-high density (0.20-0.37 cM) intra-specific chickpea genetic linkage maps. One of these constructed high-resolution genetic map has potential to identify 33 major genomic regions harbouring 35 robust QTLs (PVE: 17.9-39.7%) associated with three agronomic traits, which were mapped within <1 cM mean marker intervals on desi chromosomes. The extended LD (linkage disequilibrium) decay (~15 cM) in chromosomes of genetic maps have encouraged us to use a rapid integrated approach (comparative QTL mapping, QTL-region specific haplotype/LD-based trait association analysis, expression profiling and gene haplotype-based association mapping) rather than a traditional QTL map-based cloning method to narrow-down one major seed weight (SW) robust QTL region. It delineated favourable natural allelic variants and superior haplotype-containing one seed-specific candidate embryo defective gene regulating SW in chickpea. The ultra-high-resolution genetic maps, QTLs/genes and alleles/haplotypes-related genomic information generated and integrated strategy for rapid QTL/gene identification developed have potential to expedite genomics-assisted breeding applications in crop plants, including chickpea for their genetic enhancement.Item Advances in biotechnological applications in three important food legumes(Springer, 2014) Das, Alok; Parida, Swarup K.Legumes are the third largest family of flowering plants, known for their unique capacity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The draft genome sequences of three important food legumes [soybean (Glycine max), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum)] have been completed. Coupled with a deluge of information on transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, they present a huge amount of genomic resources for the genetic improvement of legume crops. Developed molecular markers, structurally and functionally annotated genes/quantitative trait loci/alleles and regulatory sequences can be utilized in improvement breeding programmes. Further, the genetic transformation of two valuable pulses (chickpea and pigeonpea) has now taken centre stage, realizing the potential of genetically modified soybean, for enhanced prospects of food production. Together, the advances in biotechnological tools and the research community’s capacity to develop imaginative strategies will help in framing a legume development programme for ensuring the nutritional security of the world.