Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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    ANNInter: A platform to explore ncRNA-ncRNA interactome of Arabidopsis thaliana
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Vivek, AT; Sahu, Namrata; Kalakoti, Garima; Kumar, Shailesh
    Eukaryotic transcriptomes are remarkably complex, encompassing not only protein-coding RNAs but also an expanding repertoire of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). In plants, ncRNA-ncRNA interactions (NNIs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression, orchestrating development and adaptive responses to stress. Despite their critical roles, the functional significance of NNIs remains poorly understood, largely due to a lack of comprehensive resources. Here, we present ANNInter, a comprehensive platform that integrates computational predictions with experimental datasets to systematically identify and analyze NNIs. The current version catalogs over 90,000 interactions spanning eight categories of sRNA-to-longer ncRNAs, each extensively annotated with interaction types, identification methods, and functional descriptions. The integrated schema and advanced visualization framework in ANNInter enable users to explore intricate interaction networks, providing system-wide insights into ncRNA-mediated regulation. These interaction data provide unparalleled opportunities to uncover the regulatory roles of NNIs in key biological processes such as growth regulation, stress adaptation, and cellular signaling. By providing an extensive, curated repository of computational and degradome-based interaction data, ANNInter will provide a platform to the study of ncRNA biology, elucidating the complex mechanisms of NNIs and supporting the concept of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in gene regulation. The platform is freely accessible at https://www.nipgr.ac.in/ANNInter/.
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    Computational methods for annotation of plant regulatory non-coding RNAs using RNA-seq
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Vivek, A.T.; Kumar, Shailesh
    Plant transcriptome encompasses numerous endogenous, regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a major biological role in regulating key physiological mechanisms. While studies have shown that ncRNAs are extremely diverse and ubiquitous, the functions of the vast majority of ncRNAs are still unknown. With ever-increasing ncRNAs under study, it is essential to identify, categorize and annotate these ncRNAs on a genome-wide scale. The use of high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies provides a broader picture of the non-coding component of transcriptome, enabling the comprehensive identification and annotation of all major ncRNAs across samples. However, the detection of known and emerging class of ncRNAs from RNA-seq data demands complex computational methods owing to their unique as well as similar characteristics. Here, we discuss major plant endogenous, regulatory ncRNAs in an RNA sample followed by computational strategies applied to discover each class of ncRNAs using RNA-seq. We also provide a collection of relevant software packages and databases to present a comprehensive bioinformatics toolbox for plant ncRNA researchers. We assume that the discussions in this review will provide a rationale for the discovery of all major categories of plant ncRNAs.