Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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Author: search.filters.author.Igamberdiev, Abir U.Subject: search.filters.subject.mitochondria

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    Current approaches to measure nitric oxide in plants
    (Oxford University Press, 2019) Vishwakarma, Abhaypratap; Wany, Aakanksha; Pandey, Sonika; Bulle, Mallesham; Kumari, Aprajita; Kishorekumar, Reddy; Igamberdiev, Abir U.; Mur, Luis A.J.; Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis
    Nitric oxide (NO), is now established as an important signalling molecule in plants where they influence growth, development and responses to stress. Despite of extensive research, the most appropriate methods to measure and localise these signalling radicals are debated and still needs investigation. Many confounding factors such as presence of other reactive intermediates, scavenging enzymes and compartmentation, influence how accurately each can be measured. Further, these signalling radicals have short half-lives ranging from seconds to minutes based on the cellular redox condition. Hence, it is necessary to use the sensitive and specific methods in order to understand the contribution of each signalling molecule to various biological processes. In this review, we will provide current state knowledge on NO measurement in plant samples, via various methods. We will also discuss advantages, limitations and wider applications of each method.
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    Pathways of nitric oxide metabolism and operation of phytoglobins in legume nodules: missing links and future directions
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2018) Berger, Antoine; Brouquisse, Renaud; Pathak, Pradeep Kumar; Hichri, Imène; Singh, Inderjit; Bhatia, Sabhyata; Boscari, Alexandre; Igamberdiev, Abir U.; Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis
    The interaction between legumes and rhizobia leads to the establishment of a beneficial symbiotic relationship. Recent advances in legume - rhizobium symbiosis revealed that various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including nitric oxide (NO) play important roles during this process. Nodule development occurs with a transition from a normoxic environment during the establishment of symbiosis to a microoxic environment in functional nodules. Such oxygen dynamics are required for activation and repression of various NO production and scavenging pathways. Both the plant and bacterial partners participate in the synthesis and degradation of NO. However, the pathways of NO production and degradation as well as their cross-talk and involvement in the metabolism are still a matter of debate. The plant-originated reductive pathways are known to contribute to the NO production in nodules under hypoxic conditions. Non-symbiotic hemoglobin (phytoglobin) (Pgb) possesses high NO oxygenation capacity, buffers and scavenges NO. Its operation, through a respiratory cycle called Pgb-NO cycle, leads to the maintenance of redox and energy balance in nodules. The role of Pgb/NO cycle under fluctuating NO production from soil needs further investigation for complete understanding of NO regulatory mechanism governing nodule development to attain optimal food security under changing environment.
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    Reactive nitrogen species in mitochondria and their implications in plant energy status and hypoxic stress tolerance
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2016) Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis; Igamberdiev, Abir U.
    Hypoxic and anoxic conditions result in the energy crisis that leads to cell damage. Since mitochondria are the primary organelles for energy production, the support of these organelles in a functional state is an important task during oxygen deprivation. Plant mitochondria adapted the strategy to survive under hypoxia by keeping electron transport operative even without oxygen via the use of nitrite as a terminal electrons acceptor. The process of nitrite reduction to nitric oxide (NO) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain recycles NADH and leads to a limited rate of ATP production. The produced ATP alongside with the ATP generated by fermentation supports the processes of transcription and translation required for hypoxic survival and recovery of plants. Non-symbiotic hemoglobins (called phytoglobins in plants) scavenge NO and thus contribute to regeneration of NAD+ and nitrate required for the operation of anaerobic energy metabolism. This overall operation represents an important strategy of biochemical adaptation that results in the improvement of energy status and thereby in protection of plants in the conditions of hypoxic stress.