Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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Author: search.filters.author.Chaudhary, Swati

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    Genetic analysis of structure and function of stipules in pea (Pisum sativum)
    (Indian National Science Academy, 2012) Sharma, Vishakha; Sinha, Alok Krishna; Chaudhary, Swati; Priyadarshini, Anupama; Tripathi, Bhumi Nath; Kumar, Sushil
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    Characterization of variation and quantitative trait loci related to terpenoid indole alkaloid yield in a recombinant inbred line mapping population of Catharanthus roseus
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2012) Sharma, Vishakha; Chaudhary, Swati; Srivastava, Suchi; Pandey, Richa; Kumar, Sushil
    Improved Catharanthus roseus cultivars are required for high yields of vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine and/or serpen- tine and ajmalicine, the pharmaceutical terpenoid indole alkaloids. An approach to derive them is to map QTL for terpenoid indole alkaloids yields, identify DNA markers tightly linked to the QTL and apply marker assisted selection. Towards the end, 197 recombinant inbred lines from a cross were grown over two seasons to characterize variability for seven biomass and 23 terpenoid indole alkaloids content-traits and yield-traits. The recombinant inbred lines were genotyped for 178 DNA markers which formed a framework genetic map of eight linkage groups (LG), spanning 1786.5 cM, with 10.0 cM average intermarker distance. Estimates of correlations between traits allowed selection of seven relatively more important traits for terpenoid indole alkaloids yields. QTL analysis was performed on them using single marker (regression) analysis, simple interval mapping and composite interval mapping procedures. A total of 20 QTL were detected on five of eight LG, 10 for five traits on LG1, five for four traits on LG2, three for one trait on LG3 and one each for different traits on LG three and four. QTL for the same or different traits were found clustered on three LG. Co-location of two QTL for biomass traits was in accord of correlation between them. The QTL were validated for use in marker assisted selection by the recombinant inbred line which transgressively expressed 16 traits contributory to the yield vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine from leaves and roots that possessed favourable alleles of 13 relevant QTL.
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    COCHLEATA controls leaf size and secondary inflorescence architecture via negative regulation of UNIFOLIATA (LEAFY ortholog) gene in garden pea Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2012) Sharma, Vishakha; Chaudhary, Swati; Kumar, Arvind; Kumar, Sushil
    UNIFOLIATA [(UNI) or UNIFOLIATA-TENDRILLED ACACIA (UNI-TAC)] expression is known to be negatively regulated by COCHLEATA (COCH) in the differentiating stipules and flowers of Pisum sativum. In this study, additional roles of UNI and COCH in P. sativum were investigated. Comparative phenotyping revealed pleiotropic differences between COCH (UNI-TAC and uni-tac) and coch (UNI-TAC and uni-tac) genotypes of common genetic background. Secondary inflorescences were bracteole-less and bracteolated in COCH and coch genotypes, respectively. In comparison to the leaves and corresponding sub-organs and tissues produced on COCH plants, coch plants produced leaves of 1.5-fold higher biomass, 1.5-fold broader petioles and leaflets that were 1.8-fold larger in span and 1.2-fold dorso-ventrally thicker. coch leaflets possessed epidermal cells 1.3-fold larger in number and size, 1.4-fold larger spongy parenchyma cells and primary vascular bundles with 1.2-fold larger diameter. The transcript levels of UNI were at least 2-fold higher in coch leaves and secondary inflorescences than the corresponding COCH organs. It was concluded that COCH negatively regulated UNI in the differentiating leaves and secondary inflorescences and thereby controlled their sizes and/or structures. It was also surmised that COCH and UNI (LFY homolog) occur together widely in stipulate flowering plants.
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    Genetics of flowering time in bread wheat Triticum aestivum: complementary interaction between vernalization-insensitive and photoperiod-insensitive mutations imparts very early flowering habit to spring wheat
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2012) Kumar, Sushil; Sharma, Vishakha; Chaudhary, Swati; Tyagi, Anshika; Mishra, Poonam
    Time to flowering in the winter growth habit bread wheat is dependent on vernalization (exposure to cold conditions) and exposure to long days (photoperiod). Dominant Vrn-1 (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1) alleles are associated with vernalization independent spring growth habit. The semidominant Ppd-D1a mutation confers photoperiod-insensitivity or rapid flowering in wheat under short day and long day conditions. The objective of this study was to reveal the nature of interaction between Vrn-1 and Ppd-D1a mutations (active alleles of the respective genes vrn-1 and Ppd-D1b). Twelve Indian spring wheat cultivars and the spring wheat landrace Chinese Spring were characterized for their flowering times by seeding them every month for five years under natural field conditions in New Delhi. Near isogenic Vrn-1 Ppd-D1 and Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a lines constructed in two genetic backgrounds were also phenotyped for flowering time by seeding in two different seasons. The wheat lines of Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a, Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Ppd-D1a and Vrn-A1a Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a (or Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a) genotypes flowered several weeks earlier than that of Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b, Vrn-A1b Ppd-D1b and Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b (or Vrn-1 Ppd-D1b) genotypes. The flowering time phenotypes of the isogenic vernalization-insensitive lines confirmed that Ppd-D1a hastened flowering by several weeks. It was concluded that complementary interaction between Vrn-1 and Ppd-D1a active alleles imparted super/very-early flowering habit to spring wheats. The early and late flowering wheat varieties showed differences in flowering time between short day and long day conditions. The flowering time in Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a genotypes was hastened by higher temperatures under long day conditions. The ambient air temperature and photoperiod parameters for flowering in spring wheat were estimated at 25°C and 12 h, respectively.
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    Agronomic characteristics of autumn and winter seeded photoperiod insensitive spring wheat in agro-climate of north-west India
    (Indian National Science Academy, 2012) Kumar, Sushil; Sharma, Vishakha; Chaudhary, Swati; Kumar, Arvind; Kumari, Renu
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    Genetic interaction and mapping studies on the leaflet development (lld) mutant in Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2012) Kumar, Sushil; Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Kumar, Arvind; Chaudhary, Swati; Sharma, Vishakha; Kumari, Renu
    In Pisum sativum, the completely penetrant leaflet development (lld) mutation is known to sporadically abort pinnae suborgans in the unipinnate compound leaf. Here, the frequency and morphology of abortion was studied in each of the leaf suborgans in 36 genotypes and in presence of auxin and gibberellin, and their antagonists. Various lld genotypes were constructed by multifariously recombining lld with a coch homeotic stipule mutation and with af, ins, mare, mfp, tl and uni-tac leaf morphology mutations. It was observed that the suborgans at all levels of pinna subdivisions underwent lld-led abortion events at different stages of development. As in leafblades, lld aborted the pinnae in leaf-like compound coch stipules. The lld mutation interacted with mfp synergistically and with other leaf mutations additively. The rod-shaped and trumpet-shaped aborted pea leaf suborgans mimicked the phenotype of aborted leaves in HD-ZIP-III-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Suborganwise aborted morphologies in lld gnotypes were in agreement with basipetal differentiation of leaflets and acropetal differentiation in tendrils. Altogether, the observations suggested that LLD was the master regulator of pinna development. On the basis of molecular markers found linked to lld, its locus was positioned on the linkage group III of the P. sativum genetic map.
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    Development of improved horticultural genotypes characterized by novel over-flowering inflorescence trait in periwinkle Catharanthus roseus
    (Springer Science, 2012) Kumar, Sushil; Chaudhary, Swati; Kumari, Renu; Sharma, Vishakha; Kumar, Arvind
    Floricultural genotypes with new plant architecture were developed in the seasonal/perennial garden plant Catharanthus roseus. The new genotypes were developed by crossing the double mutant line lli egd of C. roseus with two horticultural lines of C. roseus and a line of Catharanthus trichophyllus. As compared to the normal LLI inflorescence architecture in which racemose inflorescence had pairs of flowers subtended by one of the two leaves per node, the lli inflorescence of the new lines was excessively branched and each branch had two flowers per node which were bereft of subtending leaves. The new lines are novel in displaying several fold increased number of flowers on inflorescence unhindered by leaves. In the new floricultural lines the over-flowering lli trait was combined with variation in plant height, petal and eye colors and tolerance to the common fungal diseases.
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    Interaction between COCHLEATA and UNIFOLIATA genes enables normal flower morphogenesis in the garden pea, Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2011) Kumar, Sushil; Sharma, Vishakha; Chaudhary, Swati; Kumari, Renu; Kumari, Nisha; Mishra, Poonam
    The simple stipules, leaflet and tendril bearing imparipinnately compound leaf blades and zygomorphic flowers, produced on stems of the diploid (2n = 14; ≥ 5000 Mbp nuclear genome) papilionoid Fabaceae plant Pisum sativum, are serving as unique and highly informative models for the dis- section of plant developmental programmes. The growing information has revealed that the processes of stipule, leaf and flower morphogeneses are genetically interconnected in P. sativum (Hofer et al. 1997; Yaxley et al. 2001; Wang et al.2008; Kumar et al. 2009).
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    Cropping of the artemisinin (antimalarial drug) yielding Artemisia annua cultivars, over a ten year period in the agroclimate of north-west India, has not led to the species becoming a weed
    (The National Academy of Sciences, India, 2011) Goel, Richa; Goel, Divya; Chaudhary, Swati; Sharma, Vishakha; Kumar, Sushil
    The antimalarial drug artemisinin is extracted from the leaves and flowers, harvested from the naturally growing and cultivated populations, of the asteraceae plant Artemisia annua. The species is indigenous to Chongqing region of China where it is a weed and is found growing into extensive wild populations. It has become naturalized (weed) in several agroclimates of its introduction in Asia, Australia, Europe and North and South Americas. A. annua is now beginning to be cultivated in several agroclimates of India. Agrotechnologies suitable for cultivating A. annua in the Indo-gangetic and North- West Indian plains have been developed and introduced with the farmers. Here, the potential of A. annua becoming a weed, in the areas of its cultivation, has been assessed under the New Delhi agroclimatic conditions. Single plants of A. annua were observed to produce about 0.14×106 viable seeds. Cultivation of A. annua in field plots at two locations and enumeration of plants outside the plots of cultivation over a 10 year period was observed not to lead to escape of the plant into areas adjacent to the plots of A. annua cultivation. It is concluded that A. annua, despite being a prolific producer of seeds, is unlikely to become a weed in the agroclimate of north-west plains region of India. Therefore, subtropical agroclimates such as that of north-west Indian plains offer comparative advantage for the cultivation of the domesticated A. annua for artemisinin production.
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    Characterization and genetic linkage mapping of the horticulturally important mutation leafless inflorescence (lli) in periwinkle Catharanthus roseus
    (Elsevier, 2011) Chaudhary, Swati; Sharma, Vishakha; Prasad, Manoj; Bhatia, Sabhyata; Tripathi, Bhumi Nath; Yadav, Gitanjali; Kumar, Sushil
    Catharanthus roseus is a seasonal to perennial garden plant and the exclusive source of the anticancer drugs vincristine and vinblastine. Its horticultural importance is due to the compound racemose inflorescence architecture of branches in which pairs of prominent flowers are subtended by one of the two leaves per node. Here is reported the construction of a molecular framework genetic linkage map and mapping on it of the LEAF-LESS INFLORESCENCE (LLI) locus. It is quantitatively shown that the adult lli mutant plants produce altered inflorescence of improved horticultural value, wherein axes are excessively branched, two flowers are formed per node that are bare of subtending leaves, and several times more open flowers are displayed each day, as compared to LLI plants.