Publications of NIPGR Scientists

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Author: search.filters.author.Chaudhary, SwatiSubject: search.filters.subject.Pisum sativum

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    COCHLEATA controls leaf size and secondary inflorescence architecture via negative regulation of UNIFOLIATA (LEAFY ortholog) gene in garden pea Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2012) Sharma, Vishakha; Chaudhary, Swati; Kumar, Arvind; Kumar, Sushil
    UNIFOLIATA [(UNI) or UNIFOLIATA-TENDRILLED ACACIA (UNI-TAC)] expression is known to be negatively regulated by COCHLEATA (COCH) in the differentiating stipules and flowers of Pisum sativum. In this study, additional roles of UNI and COCH in P. sativum were investigated. Comparative phenotyping revealed pleiotropic differences between COCH (UNI-TAC and uni-tac) and coch (UNI-TAC and uni-tac) genotypes of common genetic background. Secondary inflorescences were bracteole-less and bracteolated in COCH and coch genotypes, respectively. In comparison to the leaves and corresponding sub-organs and tissues produced on COCH plants, coch plants produced leaves of 1.5-fold higher biomass, 1.5-fold broader petioles and leaflets that were 1.8-fold larger in span and 1.2-fold dorso-ventrally thicker. coch leaflets possessed epidermal cells 1.3-fold larger in number and size, 1.4-fold larger spongy parenchyma cells and primary vascular bundles with 1.2-fold larger diameter. The transcript levels of UNI were at least 2-fold higher in coch leaves and secondary inflorescences than the corresponding COCH organs. It was concluded that COCH negatively regulated UNI in the differentiating leaves and secondary inflorescences and thereby controlled their sizes and/or structures. It was also surmised that COCH and UNI (LFY homolog) occur together widely in stipulate flowering plants.
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    Interaction between COCHLEATA and UNIFOLIATA genes enables normal flower morphogenesis in the garden pea, Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2011) Kumar, Sushil; Sharma, Vishakha; Chaudhary, Swati; Kumari, Renu; Kumari, Nisha; Mishra, Poonam
    The simple stipules, leaflet and tendril bearing imparipinnately compound leaf blades and zygomorphic flowers, produced on stems of the diploid (2n = 14; ≥ 5000 Mbp nuclear genome) papilionoid Fabaceae plant Pisum sativum, are serving as unique and highly informative models for the dis- section of plant developmental programmes. The growing information has revealed that the processes of stipule, leaf and flower morphogeneses are genetically interconnected in P. sativum (Hofer et al. 1997; Yaxley et al. 2001; Wang et al.2008; Kumar et al. 2009).
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    Co-regulation of biomass partitioning by leafblade morphology genes AFILA, MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA in grain pea Pisum sativum
    (Indian National Science Academy, 2010) Kumar, Sushil; Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Chaudhary, Swati; Pandey, Richa; Yadav, Gitanjali
    In grain pea Pisum sativum, 16 genotypes constructed by combining wild type and mutant alleles of MULTIFOLIATE- PINNA (MFP), AFILA (AF), TENDRIL-LESS (TL) and UNIFOLIATA (UNI) genes, which differed in leaf blade morphology, were quantitatively phenotyped for allometry. The biomass partitioning among root, stem, stipule, leaf blade and seeds was unique for these genotypes suggesting that MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes determined leaf blade and plant architecture. Gene actions were inferred on the basis of mutant phenotypes. Biomass of all the organs was found to be increased in the tl single mutant. The af mutation singly and in combination with mfp, mfp tl, mfp uni-tac or mfp tl uni-tac decreased biomass of all the organs. Allocation of biomass to leaves was increased at the expense of that to seeds or seeds and stems by a single mfp mutation or in combination with uni-tac, af tl, tl uni-tac and af tl uni-tac mutations. The AF and MFP functions are essential in pea cultivars for high yield of grains.The mechanism for simultaneous control of leaf blade and plant architecture suggested by mutant phenotypes has three elements. The MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes exercise control over meristematic activity in all the organs. Their determination of leaf blade morphology and size affect net photosynthesis or metabolite supply. The quantities of available metabolites determine numbers and sizes of organs or partitioned total biomass. The tl allele is identified as a genetic marker/determinant for breeding tendril-less prolific pea cultivars for obtaining herbage and grains in high yields.
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    Genetic control of leaf-blade morphogenesis by the Insecatus gene in Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2010) Kumar, Sushil; Chaudhary, Swati; Sharma, Vishakha; Kumari, Renu; Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Kumar, Arvind; Choudhury, Debjani Roy; Jha, Ruchi; Priyadarshini, Anupama; Kumar, Arun
    To understand the role of INSECATUS (INS) gene in pea, the leaf blades of wild-type, ins mutant and seven other genotypes, constructed by recombining ins with uni-tac, af, tl and mfp gene mutations, were quantitatively compared. The ins was inherited as a recessive mutant allele and expressed its phenotype in proximal leaflets of full size leaf blades. In ins leaflets, the midvein development was arrested in distal domain and a cleft was formed in lamina above this point. There was change in the identity of ins leaflets such that the intercalary interrupted midvein bore a leaf blade. Such adventitious blades in ins, ins tl and ins tl mfp were like the distal segment of respective main leaf blade. The ins phenotype was not seen in ins af and ins af uni-tac genotypes. There was epistasis of uni-tac over ins. The ins, tl and mfp mutations interacted synergistically to produce highly pronounced ins phenotype in the ins tl mfp triple mutant. The role(s) of INS in leaf-blade organogenesis are: positive regulation of vascular patterning in leaflets, repression of UNI activity in leaflet primordia for ectopic growth and in leaf-blade primordium for indeterminate growth of rachis, delimitation of proximal leaflet domain and together with TL and MFP homeostasis for meristematic activity in leaflet primordia. The variant apically bifid shape of the affected ins leaflets demonstrated that the leaflet shape is dependent on the venation pattern.
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    Mapping of the multifoliate pinna (mfp) leaf-blade morphology mutation in grain pea Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2009) Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Kumar, Anil; Chaudhary, Swati; Kumar, Sushil
    The multifoliate pinna (mfp) mutation alters the leaf-blade architecture of pea, such that simple tendril pinnae of distal domain are replaced by compound pinna blades of tendrilled leaflets in mfp homozygotes. The MFP locus was mapped with reference to DNA markers using F2 and F2:5 RIL as mapping populations. Among 205 RAPD, 27 ISSR and 35 SSR markers that demonstrated polymorphism between the parents of mapping populations, three RAPD markers were found linked to the MFP locus by bulk segregant analyses on mfp/mfp and MFP/MFP bulks assembled from the F2:5 population. The segregational analysis of mfp and 267 DNA markers on 96 F2 plants allowed placement of 26 DNA markers with reference to MFP on a linkage group. The existence of common markers on reference genetic maps and MFP linkage group developed here showed that MFP is located on linkage group IV of the consensus genetic map of pea.