Institutional Publications

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    Polyamine induction in postharvest banana fruits in response to NO donor SNP occurs via L-arginine mediated pathway and not via competitive diversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
    (MDPI AG, 2019) Lokesh, Veeresh; Manjunatha, Girigowda; Hegde, Namratha S.; Bulle, Mallesham; Puthusseri, Bijesh; Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis; Neelwarne, Bhagyalakshmi
    Nitric oxide (NO) is known to antagonize ethylene by various mechanisms; one of such mechanisms is reducing ethylene levels by competitive action on S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)—a common precursor for both ethylene and polyamines (PAs) biosynthesis. In order to investigate whether this mechanism of SAM pool diversion by NO occur towards PAs biosynthesis in banana, we studied the effect of NO on alterations in the levels of PAs, which in turn modulate ethylene levels during ripening. In response to NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment, all three major PAs viz. putrescine, spermidine and spermine were induced in control as well as ethylene pre-treated banana fruits. However, the gene expression studies in two popular banana varieties of diverse genomes, Nanjanagudu rasabale (NR; AAB genome) and Cavendish (CAV; AAA genome) revealed the downregulation of SAM decarboxylase, an intermediate gene involved in ethylene and PA pathway after the fifth day of NO donor SNP treatment, suggesting that ethylene and PA pathways do not compete for SAM. Interestingly, arginine decarboxylase belonging to arginine-mediated route of PA biosynthesis was upregulated several folds in response to the SNP treatment. These observations revealed that NO induces PAs via l-arginine-mediated route and not via diversion of SAM pool.
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    Nitric oxide is essential for the development of aerenchyma in wheat roots under hypoxic stress
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2017) Wany, Aakanksha; Kumari, Aprajita; Gupta, Kapuganti Jagadis
    In response to flooding/waterlogging, plants develop various anatomical changes including the formation of lysigenous aerenchyma for the delivery of oxygen to roots. Under hypoxia, plants produce high levels of nitric oxide (NO) but the role of this molecule in plant-adaptive response to hypoxia is not known. Here, we investigated whether ethylene-induced aerenchyma requires hypoxia-induced NO. Under hypoxic conditions, wheat roots produced NO apparently via nitrate reductase and scavenging of NO led to a marked reduction in aerenchyma formation. Interestingly, we found that hypoxically induced NO is important for induction of the ethylene biosynthetic genes encoding ACC synthase and ACC oxidase. Hypoxia-induced NO accelerated production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and protein tyrosine nitration. Other events related to cell death such as increased conductivity, increased cellulase activity, DNA fragmentation, and cytoplasmic streaming occurred under hypoxia, and opposing effects were observed by scavenging NO. The NO scavenger cPTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt) and ethylene biosynthetic inhibitor CoCl2 both led to reduced induction of genes involved in signal transduction such as phospholipase C, G protein alpha subunit, calcium-dependent protein kinase family genes CDPK, CDPK2, CDPK 4, Ca-CAMK, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1, and protein kinase suggesting that hypoxically induced NO is essential for the development of aerenchyma.
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    Ethylene acts as a negative regulator of glucose induced lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2015) Singh, Manjul; Gupta, Aditi; Laxmi, Ashverya
    Plants, being sessile organisms, are more exposed to the hazards of constantly changing environmental conditions globally. During the lifetime of a plant, the root system encounters various challenges such as obstacles, pathogens, high salinity, water logging, nutrient scarcity etc. The developmental plasticity of the root system provides brilliant adaptability to plants to counter the changes exerted by both external as well as internal cues and achieve an optimized growth status. Phytohormones are one of the major intrinsic factors regulating all aspects of plant growth and development both independently as well as through complex signal integrations at multiple levels. We have previously shown that glucose (Glc) and brassinosteroid (BR) signalings interact extensively to regulate lateral root (LR) development in Arabidopsis. (1) Auxin efflux as well as influx and downstream signaling components are also involved in Glc-BR regulation of LR emergence. Here, we provide evidence for involvement of ethylene signaling machinery downstream to Glc and BR in regulation of LR emergence.
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    Glucose and phytohormone interplay in controlling root directional growth in Arabidopsis
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2014) Singh, Manjul; Gupta, Aditi; Laxmi, Ashverya
    Sensing and responding toward gravity vector is a complicated and multistep process. Gravity is a constant factor feeding plants with reliable information for the spatial orientation of their organs. Auxin, cytokinin, ethylene and BRs have been the most explored hormones in relation to gravitropism. We have previously shown that glucose (Glc) could promote brassinosteroid (BR) signaling thereby inducing changes in root directional growth. Auxin signaling and polar transport components are also involved in Glc induced changes in root directional growth. Here, we provide evidence for involvement of cytokinin and ethylene signaling components in regulation of root directional growth downstream to Glc and BR. Altogether, Glc mediated change in root direction is an adaptive feature which is a result of a collaborative effort integrating phytohormonal signaling cues.