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Subject: search.filters.subject.Thermotolerance

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    Nuclear proteome reprogramming and acquired thermotolerance in chickpea exposed to escalating high-temperature stress
    (Elsevier B.V., 2026) Pareek, Akanksha; Wardhan, Vijay; Mishra, Divya; Rathi, Divya; Khan, Iqra Nafees; Subba, Pratigya; Saxena, Harshita; Jeevaraj, Theboral; Chakraborty, Subhra; Chakraborty, Niranjan
    Global chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production amounted to ∼17.55 MMT during 2024-2025, whose market size is valued at ∼$16.83 billion. Chickpea is highly susceptible to high-temperature stress (HTS), and its yield declines 10-15% with the rise in each degree of temperature. In this study, the HTS-responsive nuclear proteome of a thermotolerant chickpea cultivar ICC 1205 was investigated, leading to the identification of 2705 proteins, including 424 differentially regulated proteins designated as HTS-responsive (HRPs). Of these, 212 were shared between immediate (day-1) and later (day-4) stages of HTS, with 117 proteins specific to day-1 and 95 to day-4. Functional network analysis revealed a complex network of nuclear proteins involved in regulatory and stress-related functions. Detailed analysis of the proteome revealed several non-canonical proteins, suggesting HTS-responsive reprograming of the nuclear proteome landscape. The cross-species multiple abiotic stress responses recognized unique HRPs, reflecting genetic foundation that leads to crop adaptation. Comparison of protein and mRNA expression shed light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms of thermotolerance response in chickpea. The characterization of root-phototropism 2 protein (CaRPT2), a member of the NPH3 gene-family, showed significant regulations, particularly under dehydration stress and ABA treatments. Subcellular localization of CaRPT2 demonstrated its dual localization in both plasma membrane and nucleus. Analysis of physiological indices in atrpt2 loss-of function mutants in Arabidopsis demonstrated better germination rate, resilience and growth under progressive HTS, suggesting the putative role of RPT2 in regulating multiple stress-responsive genes.
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    Molecular dialogue between light and temperature signaling in plants: From perception to thermotolerance
    (Oxford University Press, 2025) Sharma, Aishwarye; Samtani, Harsha; Laxmi, Ashverya
    Light and temperature are the two most variable environmental signals, which significantly regulate plant growth and development. Plants in the natural environment usually encounter warmer temperatures during the day and cooler temperatures at night, suggesting both light and temperature are closely linked signals. Due to global warming, it has become important to understand how light and temperature signaling pathways converge, and regulate plant development. This review outlines diverse mechanisms of light and temperature perception and downstream signaling, with an emphasis on their integration and interconnection. The recent research has highlighted the regulation of thermomorphogenesis by photoreceptors and their downstream light signaling proteins under different light conditions, and circadian clock components at warm temperatures. We have made an attempt to comprehensively describe these studies and demonstrate their connection with plant developmental responses. We have also explained how gene signaling pathways of light and thermomorphogenesis, are interconnected with HSR-mediated thermotolerance, which reveals new avenues to manipulate plants for climate resilience. In addition, the role of sugars as signaling molecules between light and temperature is also highlighted. Thus, we envisage that such detailed knowledge will enhance the understanding of how plants perceive light and temperature cues simultaneously and bring about responses that help in their adaptation.
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    A conserved HSF:miR169:NF-YA loop involved in tomato and Arabidopsis heat stress tolerance
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2022) Rao, Sombir; Gupta, Apoorva; Bansal, Chandni; Sorin, Celine; Crespi, Martin; Mathur, Saloni
    Heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate different stress and developmental networks in plants. Regulatory feedbacks are at the basis of these networks. Here, we report that plants improve their heat stress tolerance through HSF-mediated transcriptional regulation of MIR169 and post-transcriptional regulation of Nuclear Factor- YA (NF-YA) transcription factors. We show that HSFs recognize tomato and Arabidopsis MIR169 promoters using yeast-one-hybrid/ChIP-qPCR. Silencing tomato HSFs using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) reduced Sly-MIR169 levels and enhanced Sly-NF- YA9/A10 target expression. Further, Sly-NF-YA9/A10-VIGS knock-down tomato plants and Arabidopsis plants overexpressing At-MIR169d or At-nf-ya2 mutants showed a link with increased heat tolerance. In contrast, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing At-NF-YA2, or those expressing a non-cleavable At-NF-YA2 form (miR169d-resistant At-NF-YA2) as well as plants inhibited for At-miRNA169d regulation (miR169d mimic plants) were more sensitive to heat stress, highlighting NF-YA as negative regulator of heat tolerance. Furthermore, post-transcriptional cleavage of NF-YA by elevated miR169 levels resulted in alleviating the repression of heat stress effectors HSFA7 in tomato and Arabidopsis revealing a retroactive control of HSFs by the miR169:NF-YA node. Hence, a regulatory feedback loop involving HSFs, miR169s and NF-YAs plays a critical role in the regulation of heat stress response in tomato and Arabidopsis plants.
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    Silicon supplementation as a promising approach to induce thermotolerance in plants: current understanding and future perspectives
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Bishnoi, Alka; Jangir, Pooja; Shekhawat, Pooja Kanwar; Ram, Hasthi; Soni, Praveen
    In the current situation of climate change, heat is the foremost abiotic stress that is fueling food insecurity by reducing crop production, especially in arid regions around the globe. Therefore, ecofriendly and sustainable solutions are needed to address this challenge. Recent findings have established silicon (Si) as an important stress reliever element in plants which tremendously improves their health under different environmental constraints. Exogenous application of Si via fertigation, foliar spray, or seed priming acts as a booster for the already existing defense machinery of plants to cope with the drastic effects of heat. Si fertigation also improves soil properties including its water holding capacity which indirectly aids to improve plant health. Rhizospheric microorganisms also contribute by increasing the bioavailability of Si in soil. Thus, versatile interactions of Si with soil, plant, and microbes modulate the micro-environment of plants exposed to heat stress which help in mitigating the heat-induced damage to plant growth and fertility. In this review, we focus on the elucidation of the role of Si in heat tolerance at the molecular level. Silicon-derived improvements in various morpho-agronomic, physiological, biochemical, anatomical, and molecular parameters have been discussed in detail. Si-uptake and transport mechanism has been addressed. We have also discussed the knowledge gaps and scope of Si as a biostimulant for future-oriented sustainable agriculture.
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    High temperature stress responses and wheat: Impacts and alleviation strategies
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021) Mishra, Divya; Shekhar, Shubhendu; Chakraborty, Subhra; Chakraborty, Niranjan
    Over the past century, the average surface temperature and recurrent heatwaves have been steadily rising, affecting the yield potential of most food crops including bread wheat, the second most important caloric source, but is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of elevated temperatures. Significantly, the past decade has witnessed tremendous advancements in multiomics approaches to extract the key regulators that influence the adaptive responses to high temperature stress (HTS). With the help of genetic engineering technologies, transgenic wheat plants have been developed showing resistance to HTS without hampering productivity. In this review, we described the effect of rising temperature at a global scale and the drastic impacts on crops, particularly on wheat production. Also, this review is focused on accomplishing a deeper understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of HTS responses of crop plants, wheat in particular along with current strategies and technologies to generate thermotolerant varieties. Collective strategy and identified thresholds of HTS tolerance and susceptibility will contribute to the value-added modelling of wheat growth and yield under predictable future climate conditions.
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    Wheat 2-Cys peroxiredoxin plays a dual role in chlorophyll biosynthesis and adaptation to high temperature
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2021) Mishra, Divya; Shekhar, Shubhendu; Chakraborty, Subhra; Chakraborty, Niranjan
    The molecular mechanism of high temperature stress (HTS) response, in plants, has so far been investigated using transcriptomics, while the dynamics of HTS‐responsive proteome remain unexplored. We examined the adaptive responses of the resilient wheat cultivar ‘Unnat Halna’ and dissected the HTS‐responsive proteome landscape. This led to the identification of 55 HTS‐responsive proteins (HRPs), which are predominantly involved in metabolism and defense pathways. Interestingly, HRPs included a 2‐cysteine peroxiredoxin (2CP), designated Ta2CP, presumably involved in stress perception and adaptation. Complementation of Ta2CP in yeast and heterologous expression in Arabidopsis demonstrated its role in thermotolerance. Both Ta2CP silencing and overexpression inferred the involvement of Ta2CP in plant growth and chlorophyll biosynthesis. We demonstrated that Ta2CP interacts with protochlorophyllide reductase b, TaPORB. Reduced TaPORB expression was found in Ta2cp‐silenced plants, while upregulation was observed in Ta2CP‐overexpressed plants. Furthermore, the downregulation of Ta2CP in Taporb‐silenced plants and reduction of protochlorophyllide in Ta2cp‐silenced plants suggested the key role of Ta2CP in chlorophyll metabolism. Additionally, the transcript levels of AGPase1 and starch were increased in Ta2cp‐silenced plants. More significantly, HTS‐treated Ta2cp‐silenced plants showed adaptive responses despite increased reactive oxygen species and peroxide concentrations, which might help in rapid induction of high‐temperature acclimation.
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    Physiological plasticity to high temperature stress in chickpea: Adaptive responses and variable tolerance
    (Elsevier B.V., 2019) Pareek, Akanksha; Rathi, Divya; Mishra, Divya; Chakraborty, Subhra; Chakraborty, Niranjan
    High temperature stress (HTS) is one of the most crucial factors that limits plant growth and development, and reduces crop yields worldwide. Cool-season crops, particularly the legumes, are severely affected by increasing ambient temperature associated with global climate change. We characterized the HTS-induced modulations of morpho-physicochemical traits and gene expression of several chickpea genotypes and the metabolic profile of the tolerant cultivar. Higher water use efficiency and photosynthetic capacity, minimal membrane lipid peroxidation in conjunction with increased abundance of osmolytes and secondary metabolites depicted thermotolerance of ICC 1205. The adaptive responses were accompanied by high transcript abundance of heat shock proteins and antioxidant enzymes. To integrate stress-responsive signalling and metabolic networks, the HTS-induced physicochemical analysis was further extended to metabolite profiling of the thermotolerant cultivar. The screening of the metabolome landscape led to the identification of 49 HTS-responsive metabolites that include polycarboxylic acid, sugar acids, sugar alcohols and amino acids which might confer thermotolerance in chickpea. The present study, to our knowledge, is the most comprehensive of its kind in dissecting cultivar-specific differential adaptive responses to HTS in chickpea, which might potentiate the identification of genetic traits extendible to improvement of thermotolerance of crops.
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    Cultivar-specific high temperature stress responses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) associated with physicochemical traits and defense pathways
    (Elsevier B.V., 2017) Mishra, Divya; Shekhar, Shubhendu; Agrawal, Lalit; Chakraborty, Subhra; Chakraborty, Niranjan
    The increasing global temperature by 1°C is estimated to reduce the harvest index in a crop by 6%, and this would certainly have negative impact on overall plant metabolism. Wheat is one of the most important crops with global annual production of over 600million tonnes. We investigated an array of physicochemical and molecular indexes to unravel differential response of nine commercial wheat cultivars to high temperature stress (HTS). The reduced rate in relative water content, higher membrane stability, slow chlorophyll degradation and increased accumulation of proline and secondary metabolites ingrained higher thermotolerance in cv. Unnat Halna, among others. The altered expression of several stress-responsive genes, particularly the genes associated with photosynthesis, heat shock proteins and antioxidants impinge on the complexity of HTS-induced responses over different genetic backgrounds and connectivity of adaptive mechanisms. This may facilitate the targeted manipulation of metabolic routes in crops for agricultural and industrial exploitation.