Institutional Publications

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    Heat stress mitigation by silicon nutrition in plants: A comprehensive overview
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Shilpha, Jayabalan; Manivannan, Abinaya; Soundararajan, Prabhakaran; Jeong, Byoung Ryong
    Rapid climatic changes have exacerbated the severity of extreme weather events in agricultural regions, such as rainfall, elevated temperatures, and drought stress. As a result, heat stress (HS) has emerged as one of the most serious abiotic risks to crop development, productivity, and nutritional security due to the continued rise in global mean temperature. According to the IPCC, average global temperatures will rise by 3–6 °C by 2100. Importantly, excessive temperature stress during the reproductive stage results in a significant reduction of crop output. Consequently, there is an urgent need to comprehend food crops’ response and tolerance mechanisms to heat stress. Plants respond to high-temperature stress by initiating a series of physiological, biochemical, and molecular events and adapt by activating many stress-responsive genes. Silicon (Si) is a subtle element that improves plant growth and development and protects it against numerous abiotic and biotic challenges. Several studies have proved that the exogenous application of Si has significantly mitigated the negative impacts of abiotic stresses. However, there have only been a few investigations on the Si’s role in reducing the deleterious consequences of heat stress. Therefore, this chapter summarizes the heat-induced responses and damages in plants. In a few examples, we discuss the versatile functions of Si in mitigating abiotic stresses, including heat stress and Si-mediated molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance.
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    Dark-induced hormonal regulation of plant growth and development
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2020) Deepika; Ankit; Sagar, Sushma; Singh, Amarjeet
    The sessile nature of plants has made them extremely sensitive and flexible towards the constant flux of the surrounding environment, particularly light and dark. The light is perceived as a signal by specific receptors which further transduce the information through the signaling intermediates and effector proteins to modulate gene expression. Signal transduction induces changes in hormone levels that alters developmental, physiological and morphological processes. Importance of light for plants growth is well recognized, but a holistic understanding of key molecular and physiological changes governing plants development under dark is awaited. Here, we describe how darkness acts as a signal causing alteration in hormone levels and subsequent modulation of the gene regulatory network throughout plant life. The emphasis of this review is on dark mediated changes in plant hormones, regulation of signaling complex COP/DET/FUS and the transcription factors PIFs which affects developmental events such as apical hook development, elongated hypocotyls, photoperiodic flowering, shortened roots, and plastid development. Furthermore, the role of darkness in shade avoidance and senescence is discussed.