Institutional Publications

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    Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.): a model for small millets
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Pramitha, Lydia; Choudhary, Pooja; Rana, Sumi; Singh, Roshan Kumar; Das, Pronomita; Sharma, Shriya; Ravikesavan, R; Prasad, Manoj; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan
    Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a small millet predominantly cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. India is the second-largest producer of foxtail millet, next to China, and the crop has importance in the history and civilization of the human race in these two countries. Although the foxtail millet was widely cultivated in the ancient era, it has lost its importance with time and became a marginally grown crop catering to the nutritional requirements of a limited population. Despite this, the crop has excellent yield contributing to agronomic traits along with climate-resilient characteristics. Being a C4 panicoid species with a small diploid genome, short lifecycle, in-breeding nature, and close relationship with biofuel grasses, foxtail millet has recently been considered as a C4 model crop to understand several agronomically important traits, including stress tolerance. Given the importance, the genome sequence of foxtail millet and green foxtail (S. viridis) is now available. The postgenome era has seen several crop studies, which provided extensive genetic and genomic resources for crop improvement. Studies including genetic and genomic dissection of nutritional traits, response to biotic and abiotic stresses, water-use and nitrogen-use efficiencies, biofuel traits, and deciphering the photosynthetic machinery have provided insights into the novel genes and pathways underlying the individual traits. This has also provided a roadmap for deploying similar studies in other millets using foxtail millet as a model. In this context, the chapter describes the botany, nutritional significance, global distribution, and production technologies being implemented in foxtail millet cultivation. The chapter also summarizes the outcomes of the studies being pursued to decode complex traits and provide a roadmap for executing similar work in other millet crops.
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    Production and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate from lignin derivatives by Pandoraea sp. ISTKB
    (American Chemical Society, 2017) Kumar, Madan; Singhal, Anjali; Verma, Praveen Kumar; Thakur, Indu Shekhar
    The present study investigates polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from lignin and its derivatives by a previously reported lignin-degrading bacterial strain Pandoraea sp. ISTKB. PHA production was screened by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using a Nile red stain. PHA and biomass accumulation, while screening, was found to be maximum on 4-hydroxybenzoic acid followed by p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and kraft lignin after 96 h. Monomer composition was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and was followed by Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR analysis, indicating PHA to be a copolymer of P(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate). Genomic analysis of Pandoraea sp. ISTKB also complemented the results of GC–MS and NMR, and the relevant genes responsible for the synthesis of small chain length PHA were discovered in the genome. Process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology for enhanced production of PHA and biomass on 4-hydroxybenzoate. Optimization results showed 30 and 66% increase in the biomass and PHA production, respectively. The results obtained were promising and indicated that if lignin is depolymerized into low-molecular-weight intermediates, then it can easily be utilized and converted into value-added products like PHA by microbes.
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    Progress in understanding of the genetic phenomenon paramutation
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2006) Kumar, Sushil
    The article focuses on paramutation. This phenomenon, which was first studied by Canadian plant geneticist R. A. Brink at the r-1 locus in maize, occurs when one allele weakens the action of other allele in a heritable way. It is claimed that the best case of paramutation is observed in b-1 locus in maize where the B-1 allele becomes paramutable, B' is paramutagenic and b-1 allele is neither paramutable nor paramutagenic.