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Subject: search.filters.subject.Disease resistance

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    A blotting paper technique for the screening of chickpea genotypes against dry root rot disease
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2026) Durgadevi, Athimoolam; Pandey, Prachi; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa
    Dry root rot (DRR) disease is a major threat to chickpea production across the world. This disease is caused by a soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina. The use of disease-resistant varieties paves the way to conquer the disease spread. Though chickpea germplasm with rich genetic diversity is available around the world, its response to DRR is still unexplored. In turn, this demands screening and identification of resistant genotypes for crop protection against the disease. Here we describe an improved blotting paper technique for the large-scale screening of chickpea genotypes for DRR resistance. The method is quick, cost-effective, less labour-intensive, and thus optimized for high-throughput screening and can be efficiently used to screen a large number of chickpea genotypes for resistance against DRR.
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    Heterologous overexpression of PDH45 gene of pea provides tolerance against sheath blight disease and drought stress in rice
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022) Sahoo, Ranjan Kumar; Chandan, Ravindra Kumar; Swain, Durga Madhab; Tuteja, Narendra; Jha, Gopaljee
    Biotic and abiotic stress tolerant crops are required for sustainable agriculture as well as ensuring global food security. In a previous study, we have reported that heterologous overexpression of pea DNA helicase (PDH45), a DEAD-box family member protein, provides salinity stress tolerance in rice. The improved management of photosynthetic machinery and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with PDH45 mediated salinity stress tolerance. However, the role of PDH45 in biotic and other abiotic stress (drought) tolerance remains unexplored. In the present study, we have generated marker-free transgenic IR64 rice lines that overexpress PDH45 under the CaMV35S promoter. The transgenic rice lines exhibited a significant level of tolerance against sheath blight disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, a polyphagous necrotrophic fungal pathogen. The defense as well as antioxidant responsive marker genes were significantly upregulated in the PDH45 overexpressing (OE) rice lines, upon pathogen infection. Moreover, the OE lines exhibited tolerance to drought stress and various antioxidant as well as drought responsive marker genes were significantly upregulated in them, upon drought stress. Overall, the current study emphasizes that heterologous overexpression of PDH45 provides abiotic as well as biotic stress tolerance in rice. Tolerance against drought as well as sheath blight disease by overexpression of a single gene (PDH45) signifies the practical implication of the present study. Moreover, considering the conserved nature of the gene in different plant species, we anticipate that PDH45 can be gainfully deployed to impart tolerance against multiple stresses in agriculturally important crops.
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    A novel role of salt and drought induced RING 1 protein in modulating plant defense against hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens
    (American Phytopathological Society, 2021) Ramu, Vemanna S.; Oh, Sunhee; Lee, Hee-Kyung; Nandety, Raja Sekhar; Oh, Youngjae; Lee, Seonghee; Nakashima, Jin; Tang, Yuhong; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa; Mysore, Kirankumar S.
    Many plant encoded E3 ligases are known to be involved in plant defense. Here we report a novel role of E3 ligase SALT- AND DROUGHT-INDUCED RING FINGER1 (SDIR1) in plant immunity. Even though SDIR1 is reasonably well-characterized, its role in biotic stress response is not known. The silencing of SDIR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana reduced the multiplication of the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. The Arabidopsis sdir1 mutant is resistant to virulent pathogens, whereas SDIR1 overexpression lines are susceptible to both host and nonhost hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogens. However, sdir1 mutant and SDIR1 overexpression lines showed hypersusceptibility and resistance, respectively, against the necrotrophic pathogen, Erwinia carotovora. The mutant of SDIR1 target protein, SDIR-interacting protein 1 (SDIR1P1), also showed resistance to host and nonhost pathogens. In SDIR1 overexpression plants, transcripts of NAC transcription factors were less accumulated and the levels of JA and abscisic acid (ABA) were increased. In sdir1 mutants, JA signaling genes JAZ7 and JAZ8 were downregulated. These data suggest that SDIR1 is a susceptibility factor, and its activation/overexpression enhances disease caused by P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis. Our results show a novel role of SDIR1 in modulating plant defense gene expression and plant immunity.
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    Characterization of DEAD-box family of RNA helicases in tomato provides insights into their roles in biotic and abiotic stresses
    (Elsevier B.V., 2019) Pandey, Saurabh; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Sharma, Namisha; Chaudhry, Vaishali; Dulani, Priya; Shweta, Shweta; Jha, Sarita; Mathur, Saloni; Prasad, Manoj
    In plants, RNA helicases play significant roles in growth, development and stress response. In a previous study, a three-fold upregulation of a DEAD-box RNA helicase in a tomato cultivar tolerant to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) as compared to susceptible cultivar during virus infection was shown. Given this, a comprehensive study was performed to identify the members of RNA helicase family in tomato and analyze their functional properties in response to abiotic stresses, hormone treatments and ToLCNDV infection. A total of 131 genes were identified and classified into DEAD- (42), DEAH- (38), and DExD/H-box (51) RNA helicases. Expression profiling of candidate genes in response to abiotic stresses and ToLCNDV infection in contrasting tomato cultivars suggested the putative roles of SlDEAD23 and SlDEAD35 in biotic and abiotic stresses. Heterologous overexpression of these genes in yeast enhanced the tolerance of transgenic cells to salt and cold stresses. Further, virus-induced silencing of SlDEAD35 in ToLCNDV tolerant cultivar resulted in susceptibility to virus infection, thus suggesting its involvement in tolerance mechanism. Altogether, this study provides novel insights into the structure, organization and involvement of DEAD-box RNA helicase genes in biotic and abiotic stress responses in tomato.
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    Identification and functional analysis of AG1-IA specific genes of Rhizoctonia solani
    (Springer, 2014) Ghosh, Srayan; Gupta, Santosh Kumar; Jha, Gopaljee
    Rhizoctonia solani is an important necrotrophic fungal pathogen which causes disease on diverse plant species. It has been classified into 14 genetically distinct anastomosis groups (AGs), however, very little is known about their genomic diversity. AG1-IA causes sheath blight disease in rice and controlling this disease remains a challenge for sustainable rice cultivation. Recently the draft genome sequences of AG1-IA (rice isolate) and AG1-IB (lettuce isolate) had become publicly available. In this study, using comparative genomics, we report identification of 3,942 R. solani genes that are uniquely present in AG1-IA. Many of these genes encode important biological, molecular functions and exhibit dynamic expression during in-planta growth of the pathogen in rice. Based upon sequence similarity with genes that are required for plant and human/zoonotic diseases, we identified several putative virulence/pathogenicity determinants amongst AG1-IA specific genes. While studying the expression of 19 randomly selected genes, we identified three genes highly up-regulated during in-planta growth. The detailed in silico characterization of these genes and extent of their up-regulation in different rice genotypes, having variable degree of disease susceptibility, suggests their importance in rice-Rhizoctonia interactions. In summary, the present study reports identification, functional characterization of AG1-IA specific genes and predicts important virulence determinants that might enable the pathogen to grow inside hostile plant environment. Further characterization of these genes would shed useful insights about the pathogenicity mechanism of AG1-IA on rice.
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    Selection of leaf blight resistant Pelargonium graveolens plants regenerated from callus resistant to culture filterate of Alternaria alternata
    (Elsevier B.V., 2008) Saxena, Gauri; Verma, Praveen Chandra; Rahman, Laiq-ur; Banerjee, Suchitra; Shukla, R.S.; Kumar, Sushil
    A protocol has been established for the induction of disease resistance in callus cultures of rose-scented geranium, Pelargonium graveolens cv. Hemanti against leaf blight disease caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata. The callus cultures were raised and maintained on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 10 mg/l Kn and 1.0 mg/l NAA. The calli were subjected to various concentrations of culture filtrate (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20%) obtained from A. alternata. Resistant calli were selected and placed on regeneration medium (MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l NAA). The regenerants were confirmed for A. alternata resistance by exposing their leaves to the same concentrations of culture filtrate as used previously. While the parental wild type demonstrated typical susceptibility, the leaves of putative resistant clones remained green and viable in the presence of toxin and regenerated shoots directly on the toxin-free regeneration medium (MS supplemented with 5 mg/l Kn and 1 mg/l NAA). The above experiment demonstrated the induction of disease resistance in rose-scented geranium plants at the cellular level. This approach could be successfully exploited in raising new disease-resistant cultivars in geranium against various fungal pathogens.