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Subject: search.filters.subject.Circadian clock

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    Recent insights into plant circadian clock response against abiotic stress
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Sharma, Megha; Irfan, Mohammad; Kumar, Arun; Kumar, Pankaj; Datta, Asis
    The circadian clock is a cell autonomously and endogenously regulated biological timekeeper that detects changes in environmental stimuli and generates 24-h rhythms that are synched with day to day and periodic oscillations to govern many biological functions. Plant's circadian clocks enable them to anticipate environmental changes by modifying their physiological and biological traits to improve plant fitness. The internal circadian clock not only aids fitness but also allows the plant to time-gate the response to environmental stimuli. The latest evidence on the circadian clock suggests that the clock regulates/modulates the expression of abiotic stress-responsive pathways to improve tolerance to stresses without hampering plant growth. In turn, stress signaling also influences the activity of several clock components. This review emphasizes the interplay of the biological circadian clock with abiotic stress-responsive pathways (drought, heat, cold, and salt) for plant growth and survival as well as for stress resilience. A better comprehension of these mechanisms could aid in the development of genetic tools to improve breeding procedures and plant stress tolerance, thereby increasing crop yield and quality under changing ecological conditions.
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    Heterosis: emerging ideas about hybrid vigour
    (Oxford University Press, 2012)
    Perceived by Charles Darwin in many vegetable plants and rediscovered by George H Shull and Edward M East in maize, heterosis or hybrid vigour is one of the most widely utilized phenomena, not only in agriculture but also in animal breeding. Although, numerous studies have been carried out to understand its genetic and/or molecular basis in the past 100 years, our knowledge of the underlying molecular processes that results in hybrid vigour can best be defined as superficial. Even after century long deliberations, there is no consensus on the relative/individual contribution of the genetic/epigenetic factors in the manifestation of heterosis. However, with the recent advancements in functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics-related technologies, the riddle of heterosis is being reinvestigated by adopting systems-level approaches to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. A number of intriguing hypotheses are converging towards the idea of a cumulative positive effect of the differential expression of a variety of genes, on one or several yield-affecting metabolic pathways or overall energy-use efficiency, as the underlying mechanism for the manifestation of heterosis. Presented here is a brief account of clues gathered from various investigative approaches targeted towards better scientific understanding of this process.