Institutional Publications

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    Harnessing the hidden allelic diversity of wild Cicer to accelerate genomics-assisted chickpea crop improvement
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Mohanty, Jitendra Kumar; Jha, Uday Chand; Dixit, G.P.; Parida, Swarup K.
    Chickpea, commonly called Bengal gram or Garbanzo bean, faces a productivity crisis around the globe due to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. The eroded genetic base of the cultivated Cicer gene pool is becoming a significant bottleneck in developing stress-resilient chickpea cultivars. In this scenario, the crop wild relatives (CWR) of chickpea, with the useful genomic wealth of their wild adaptation, give a ray of hope to improve the genetic background of the cultivated Cicer gene pool. To extrapolate these unearthed genomic diversities of wild, we require a thorough understanding of the pre-historic domestication episodes that are changing their shape with the expansion of the available scientific evidence. Keeping aforesaid in view, the current review article provides a glimpsed overview on several efforts done so far to reveal the mysterious origin and evolution of the Cicer gene pool, along with the constraints in their utilization for chickpea crop improvement. It encapsulates various stress-resilient CWR of chickpea and their use in several pre-breeding programs to develop numerous breeding populations for crop genetic enhancement. Further, this review will recapitulate the significant contributions of structural, functional and comparative genomics, pan-genomics and diverse genomics-assisted breeding strategy in dissecting the untapped trait-specific allelic/gene diversity and domestication pattern behind the CWR of chickpea, along with their potential and promises. We expect the newly explored genetic variations may be used in the breeding programs for re-wilding the cultigens’ genomic background to open a new avenue for genetic gain and crop improvement capacity of chickpea.
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    Leaf crinkle disease in urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper): An overview on causal agent, vector and host
    (Springer, 2016) Gautam, Narinder Kumar; Kumar, Krishna; Prasad, Manoj
    Urdbean leaf crinkle disease (ULCD) is an economically significant widespread and devastating disease resulting in extreme crinkling, puckering and rugosity of leaves inflicting heavy yield losses annually in major urdbean-producing countries of the world. This disease is caused by urdbean leaf crinkle virus (ULCV). Urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is relatively more susceptible than other pulses to leaf crinkle disease. Urdbean is an important and useful crop cultivated in various parts of South-East Asia and well adapted for cultivation under semi-arid and subtropical conditions. Aphids, insects and whiteflies have been reported as vectors of the disease. The virus is also transmitted through sap inoculation, grafting and seed. The loss in seed yield in ULCD-affected urdbean crop ranges from 35 to 81 %, which is dependent upon type of genotype location and infection time. The diseased material and favourable climatic conditions contribute for the widespread viral disease. Anatomical and biochemical changes take place in the affected diseased plants. Genetic variations have been reported in the germplasm screening which suggest continuous screening of available varieties and new germplasm to search for new traits (new genes) and identify new sources of disease resistance. There are very few reports on breeding programmes for the development and release of varieties tolerant to ULCD. Mostly random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as well as inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers have been utilized for fingerprinting of blackgram, and a few reports are there on sequence-tagged micro-satellite site (STMS) markers. There are so many RNA viruses which have also developed strategies to counteract silencing process by encoding suppressor proteins that create hindrances in the process. But, in the case of ULCV, there is no report available indicating which defence pathway is operating for its resistance in the plants and whether same silencing suppression strategy is also followed by this virus causing leaf crinkle disease in urdbean. The antiviral principles (AVP) present in leaf extracts of several plants are known to inhibit infection by many viruses. Many chemicals have been reported as inhibitors of virus replication in plants. Raising the barrier crops also offers an effective solution to control the spread of virus.