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    Quantification of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in plant-insect interactions
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2026) Meena, Mukesh Kumar
    Plants encounter a variety of insect herbivores and have developed complex defense mechanisms against different feeding strategies. Phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play a central role in recognizing and mounting appropriate defense response against pathogens. Primarily, JA provides resistance against chewing insect herbivores, whereas SA bolster defense against biotrophs and phloem-feeding insects (aphids and whitefly). Complex interaction of JA and SA signaling creates a plant stress memory which helps to generate elevated defense response to future insect threats. Phytohormone quantification can provide significant insights about activated plant defense response and involved signaling pathways. Here, we describe a detailed and reproducible protocol for phytohormone quantification (SA, ABA, JA, and JA-Ile) in insect-fed Arabidopsis leaves tissues. JA and JA-Ile quantification results clearly indicate their contribution in plant adaptation and defense response.
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    Ethylene-mediated regulation of a ripening-specific N-glycan-processing enzyme β-D-N-Acetylhexosaminidase
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2025) Irfan, Mohammad; Kumar, Pankaj; Datta, Asis
    N-glycoproteins in plants play a critical role in various biological processes such as plant stress response, seed development, and fruit ripening. Further, N-glycans and N-glycan-processing enzymes have been identified as critical regulators of fruit ripening in various fruit crop including tomato. Fruit ripening, a multifaceted process influenced by diverse factors is controlled by the upregulation of cell wall degradation enzymes. Among these, N-glycan-processing enzymes, specifically β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (β-Hex), are involved in ripening-associated fruit softening, and its suppression enhances fruit shelf life and firmness in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Ethylene is among the various factors that regulates the ripening-specific expression of β-Hex. Notably, ethylene response factor 6 (SlERF6), also known as SlERF.E4, has been identified as a potential transcriptional regulator of β-Hex expression. However, in order to get deeper insights, a thorough understanding of the specific ethylene-mediated control of β-Hex during ripening is crucial. Thus, we present a protocol for investigating the ethylene-mediated regulation of this crucial ripening-related enzyme β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase.