Institutional Publications

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Start date: 2021Subject: search.filters.subject.Biotrophs

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    Quantification of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in plant-insect interactions
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2026) Meena, Mukesh Kumar
    Plants encounter a variety of insect herbivores and have developed complex defense mechanisms against different feeding strategies. Phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play a central role in recognizing and mounting appropriate defense response against pathogens. Primarily, JA provides resistance against chewing insect herbivores, whereas SA bolster defense against biotrophs and phloem-feeding insects (aphids and whitefly). Complex interaction of JA and SA signaling creates a plant stress memory which helps to generate elevated defense response to future insect threats. Phytohormone quantification can provide significant insights about activated plant defense response and involved signaling pathways. Here, we describe a detailed and reproducible protocol for phytohormone quantification (SA, ABA, JA, and JA-Ile) in insect-fed Arabidopsis leaves tissues. JA and JA-Ile quantification results clearly indicate their contribution in plant adaptation and defense response.
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    Fungal effectors, the double edge sword of phytopathogens
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2021) Pradhan, Amrita; Ghosh, Srayan; Sahoo, Debashis; Jha, Gopaljee
    Phyto-pathogenic fungi can cause huge damage to crop production. During millions of years of coexistence, fungi have evolved diverse life-style to obtain nutrients from the host and to colonize upon them. They deploy various proteinaceous as well as non-proteinaceous secreted molecules commonly referred as efectors to sabotage host machinery during the infection process. The efectors are important virulence determinants of pathogenic fungi and play important role in successful pathogenesis, predominantly by avoiding host-surveillance system. However, besides being important for pathogenesis, the fungal efectors end-up being recognized by the resistant cultivars of the host, which mount a strong immune response to ward-of pathogens. Various recent studies involving diferent pathosystem have revealed the virulence/avirulence functions of fungal efectors and their involvement in governing the outcome of host–pathogen interactions. However, the efectors and their cognate resistance gene in the host remain elusive for several economically important fungal pathogens. In this review, using examples from some of the biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, we elaborate the double-edged functions of fungal efectors. We emphasize that knowledge of efector functions can be helpful in efective management of fungal diseases in crop plants.