Institutional Publications

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    TaCCS1-B expression modulates copper, enzymatic antioxidants and polyphenols contents and provides abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2024) Tyagi, Shivi; Shumayla; Singh, Samar; Pandey, Ashutosh; Upadhyay, Santosh Kumar
    Abiotic stress, including osmotic and salinity stress, significantly affects plant growth and productivity. Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) is essential for copper homeostasis and oxidative stress management. In this study, we investigated the role of the TaCCS1-B gene of bread wheat in enhancing stress tolerance in yeast and transgenic Arabidopsis. Expression of TaCCS1-B increased abiotic stress tolerance in recombinant yeast cells. Phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis TaCCS1-B expressing lines demonstrated that they exhibited significantly higher germination rates, increased root length and better growth under osmotic and salinity stress than wild type. Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited higher copper accumulation and enhanced photosynthetic pigments and proline level, coupled with reduced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. They also showed higher enzymatic antioxidants' activities, indicating reduced oxidative stress in transgenic lines, resulting in reduced flavonoid content. Gene expression analysis indicated modulated expression of stress-responsive genes in the transgenic lines under stress conditions. These findings suggested the role of TaCCS1-B in enhancing stress tolerance by improving copper homeostasis and regulating key stress-responsive genes. This study highlights the potential of TaCCS1-B for the development of better stress resilience crops, which is critical for sustaining agricultural productivity for food security under adverse environmental conditions.
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    TaGPX1-D overexpression provides salinity and osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Tyagi, Shivi; Shumayla; Sharma, Yashraaj; Madhu; Sharma, Alok; Pandey, Ashutosh; Singh, Kashmir; Upadhyay, Santosh Kumar
    Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are known to play an essential role in guarding cells against oxidative stress by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. The current study aims functional characterization of the TaGPX1-D gene of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) for salinity and osmotic stress tolerance. To achieve this, we initially performed the spot assays of TaGPX1-D expressing yeast cells. The growth of recombinant TaGPX1-D expressing yeast cells was notably higher than the control cells under stress conditions. Later, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the TaGPX1-D gene and investigated their tolerance to various stress conditions. The transgenic plants exhibited improved tolerance to both salinity and osmotic stresses compared to the wild-type plants. The higher germination rates, increased antioxidant enzymes activities, improved chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline and relative water contents, and reduced hydrogen peroxide and MDA levels in the transgenic lines supported the stress tolerance mechanism. Overall, this study demonstrated the role of TaGPX1-D in abiotic stress tolerance, and it can be used for improving the tolerance of crops to environmental stressors, such as salinity and osmotic stress in future research.
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    Expression of TaNCL2-A ameliorates cadmium toxicity by increasing calcium and enzymatic antioxidants activities in arabidopsis
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Shumayla; Tyagi, Shivi; Sharma, Yashraaj; Madhu; Sharma, Alok; Pandey, Ashutosh; Singh, Kashmir; Upadhyay, Santosh Kumar
    Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the environment and is toxic to both animals and plants. The impact of Cd toxicity is shown to be reduced by the exogenous application of calcium (Ca) in crop plants. The sodium/calcium exchanger-like (NCL) protein is involved in Ca enrichment in the cytoplasm by transporting it from the vacuole in the exchange of cytosolic sodium (Na). However, it has not been utilized to ameliorate the Cd toxicity, to date. An elevated expression of TaNCL2-A gene in the root and shoot tissues of bread wheat seedlings, and a higher growth rate of recombinant yeast cells, suggested its role in Cd stress response. The TaNCL2-A expressing transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited significant Cd tolerance with increased Ca (∼10-fold) accumulation. The proline content and antioxidant enzymes activities were increased while oxidative stress-related molecules such as H2O2 and MDA were reduced in the transgenic lines. In addition, the growth and yield parameters of transgenic lines such as seed germination rate, root length, leaf biomass, leaf area index, rosette diameter, leaf length and width, and silique count, along with various physiological indicators like chlorophyll, carotenoid, and relative water contents were also improved in comparison to the control plants. Further, the transgenic lines exhibited significant salinity and osmotic stress tolerance, as well. Taken together, these results suggested that the TaNCL2-A could mitigate Cd toxicity along with salinity and osmotic stress. This gene may also be utilized for phytoremediation and Cd sequestration in future studies.