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Author: search.filters.author.Salvi, PrafullSubject: search.filters.subject.Galactinol

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    Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFOs): Role in seed vigor and longevity
    (Portland Press, 2022) Salvi, Prafull; Varshney, Vishal; Majee, Manoj
    Seed vigor and longevity are important agronomic attributes, as they are essentially associated with crop yield and thus the global economy. Seed longevity is a measure of seed viability and the most essential property in gene bank management since it affects regeneration of seed recycling. Reduced seed life or storability is a serious issue in seed storage since germplasm conservation and agricultural enhancement initiatives rely on it. The irreversible and ongoing process of seed deterioration comprises a complex gene regulatory network and altered metabolism that results in membrane damage, DNA integrity loss, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein damage, and disrupted antioxidative machinery. Carbohydrates and/or sugars, primarily RFOs, have emerged as feasible components for boosting or increasing seed vigor and longevity in recent years. RFOs are known to perform diverse functions in plants, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, besides being involved in regulating seed germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor, and longevity. We emphasised and analysed the potential impact of RFOs on seed vigor and longevity in this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms involved in seed longevity, RFO metabolism, and how RFO content is critical and linked with seed vigor and longevity. Further molecular basis, biotechnological approaches, and CRISPR/Cas applications have been discussed briefly for the improvement of seed attributes and ultimately crop production. Likewise, we suggest advancements, challenges, and future possibilities in this area.
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    Stress inducible galactinol synthase of chickpea (CaGolS) implicates in heat and oxidative stress tolerance through reducing stress induced excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation
    (Oxford University Press, 2018) Salvi, Prafull; Kamble, Nitin Uttam; Majee, Manoj
    Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFOs) participates in various aspects of plant physiology and galactinol synthase (GolS, EC 2.4.1.123) catalyzes the key step of RFO biosynthesis. Stress induced accumulation of RFOs particularly galactinol and raffinose has been reported in few plants; however their precise role and mechanistic insight in stress adaptation remain elusive. In present study, we have shown that the GolS activity as well as galactinol and raffinose content are significantly increased in response to various abiotic stresses in chickpea. Transcriptional analysis indicated that the CaGolS1 and CaGolS2 genes are induced in response to different abiotic stresses. Interestingly, heat and oxidative stress preferentially induce CaGolS1 over CaGolS2. Insilco analysis revealed several common yet distinct cis-acting regulatory elements in their 5' upstream regulatory sequences. Further, in vitro biochemical analysis revealed that CaGolS1 enzyme functions better in stressful conditions than CaGolS2 enzyme. Finally, Arabidopsis transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing CaGolS1 or CaGolS2 not only exhibits significantly increased galactinol but also raffinose content and display better growth responses than wild type or vector control plants when exposed to heat and oxidative stress. Further, improved tolerance of transgenic lines are associated with reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent lipid peroxidation as compared to control plants.Collectively, our data implies that GolS enzyme activity and consequent galactinol and raffinose content are significantly increased in response to stresses to mitigate stress induced growth inhibition by restricting excessive ROS accumulation and consequent lipid peroxidation in plants.