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Author: search.filters.author.Ranjan, AashishSubject: search.filters.subject.Wild rice

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    Revisiting development and physiology of wild rice relatives for crop improvement and climate resilience
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2025) Mathan, Jyotirmaya; Dwivedi, Aditi; Ranjan, Aashish
    Increasing rice yield and productivity under changing climatic conditions is imperative for sustainable food security, given rice is a major staple crop around the world. Natural variation in crop plants, including wild relatives, offers remarkable genetic variability to explore the desirable developmental and physiologic traits for crop improvement. Wild relatives of rice, with distinct developmental and physiologic features compared to cultivated varieties, are the potential genetic and genomic resource for rice yield increases under changing climate. A thorough genetic basis of rice developmental and architectural changes during domestication is now established with the identification and characterization of domestication genes. Photosynthetically efficient wild rice accessions, with desirable developmental, physiologic, and metabolic traits, have been identified in recent years that could be instrumental for rice improvement. While several abiotic and biotic stress-tolerant wild relatives of rice along with the associated genetic loci have been identified over the years, a comprehensive insight into the desirable developmental and physiologic attributes of the wild rice is limited. Moreover, the usage of wild rice is not streamlined in rice-improvement programs due to genetic and genomic constraints. In this review, we summarize the desirable developmental and physiologic features of wild rice species that can be exploited for combining yield increases with climate resilience in rice-improvement programs.
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    High photosynthesis rate in two wild rice species is driven by leaf anatomy mediating high Rubisco activity and electron transport rate
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Mathan, Jyotirmaya; Singh, Anuradha; Jathar, Vikram; Ranjan, Aashish
    The importance of increasing photosynthetic efficiency for sustainable crop yield increases to feed the growing world population is well recognized. The natural genetic variation for leaf photosynthesis in crop plants is largely unexploited for increasing genetic yield potential. The genus Oryza, including cultivated rice and wild relatives, offers tremendous genetic variability to explore photosynthetic differences, and underlying biochemical, photochemical, and developmental bases. We quantified leaf photosynthesis and related physiological parameters for six cultivated and three wild rice genotypes, and identified photosynthetically efficient wild rice accessions. Fitting A/Ci curves and biochemical analyses showed that the leaf photosynthesis in cultivated rice varieties, IR64 and Nipponbare, was limited due to leaf nitrogen content, Rubisco activity, and electron transport rate compared to photosynthetically efficient accessions of wild rice Oryza australiensis and Oryza latifolia. The selected wild rice accessions with high leaf photosynthesis per unit area had striking anatomical features, such as larger mesophyll cells with more chloroplasts, fewer mesophyll cells between two consecutive veins, and higher mesophyll cell and chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular space. Our results show the existence of desirable variations in Rubisco activity, electron transport rate, and leaf anatomical features in the rice system itself that could be targeted for increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of cultivated rice varieties.