Institutional Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Prasad, ManojSubject: search.filters.subject.stress tolerance

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    Millets for a sustainable future
    (Oxford University Press, 2025) Ghatak, Arindam; Pierides, Iro; Singh, Roshan Kumar; Srivastava, Rakesh K; Varshney, Rajeev K; Prasad, Manoj; Chaturvedi, Palak; Weckwerth, Wolfram
    Our current agricultural system faces a perfect storm-climate change, burgeoning population, and unpredictable outbreaks like COVID-19 disrupt food production, particularly for vulnerable populations in developing countries. A paradigm shift in agriculture practices is needed to tackle these issues. One solution is the diversification of crop production. While ~56% of the protein consumed from plants stems from three major cereal crops (rice, wheat and maize), underutilized crops such as millets, legumes and other cereals are highly neglected by farmers and the research community. Millets are one of the most ancient and versatile orphan crops with attributes like fast-growing, high-yielding, withstanding harsh environments, and rich in micronutrients such as iron and zinc, making them appealing to achieve agronomic sustainability. Here, we highlight the contribution of millet to agriculture and pay attention to the latest research on the genetic diversity of millet, genomic resources, and next-generation omics and their applications under various stress conditions. Additionally, integrative omics technologies could identify and develop millets with desirable phenotypes having high agronomic value and mitigating climate change. Here, we emphasize that biotechnological interventions, such as genome-wide association, genomic selection, genome editing, and artificial intelligence/machine learning, can improve and breed millets more effectively.
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    Multi-omics intervention in Setaria to dissect climate-resilient traits: Progress and prospects
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Aggarwal, Pooja Rani; Pramitha, Lydia; Choudhary, Pooja; Singh, Roshan Kumar; Shukla, Pooja; Prasad, Manoj; Muthamilarasan , Mehanathan
    Millets constitute a significant proportion of underutilized grasses and are well known for their climate resilience as well as excellent nutritional profiles. Among millets, foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and its wild relative green foxtail (S. viridis) are collectively regarded as models for studying broad-spectrum traits, including abiotic stress tolerance, C4 photosynthesis, biofuel, and nutritional traits. Since the genome sequence release, the crop has seen an exponential increase in omics studies to dissect agronomic, nutritional, biofuel, and climate-resilience traits. These studies have provided first-hand information on the structure, organization, evolution, and expression of several genes; however, knowledge of the precise roles of such genes and their products remains elusive. Several open-access databases have also been instituted to enable advanced scientific research on these important crops. In this context, the current review enumerates the contemporary trend of research on understanding the climate resilience and other essential traits in Setaria, the knowledge gap, and how the information could be translated for the crop improvement of related millets, biofuel crops, and cereals. Also, the review provides a roadmap for studying other underutilized crop species using Setaria as a model.
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    Application of genomics-assisted breeding for generation of climate resilient crops: progress and prospects
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2015) Kole, Chittaranjan; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Henry, Robert; Edwards, David; Sharma, Rishu; Abberton, Michael; Batley, Jacqueline; Bentley, Alison; Blakeney, Michael; Bryant, John; Cai, Hongwei; Cakir, Mehmet; Cseke, Leland J.; Cockram, James; Oliveira, Antonio Costa de; Pace, Ciro De; Dempewolf, Hannes; Ellison, Shelby; Gepts, Paul; Greenland, Andy; Hall, Anthony; Hori, Kiyosumi; Hughes, Stephen; Humphreys, Mike W.; Iorizzo, Massimo; Ismail, Abdelbagi M.; Marshall, Athole; Mayes, Sean; Nguyen, Henry T.; Ogbonnaya, Francis C.; Ortiz, Rodomiro; Paterson, Andrew H.; Simon, Philipp W.; Tohme, Joe; Tuberosa, Roberto; Valliyodan, Babu; Varshney, Rajeev K.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Yano, Masahiro; Prasad, Manoj
    Climate change affects agricultural productivity worldwide. Increased prices of food commodities are the initial indication of drastic edible yield loss, which is expected to increase further due to global warming. This situation has compelled plant scientists to develop climate change-resilient crops, which can withstand broad-spectrum stresses such as drought, heat, cold, salinity, flood, submergence and pests, thus helping to deliver increased productivity. Genomics appears to be a promising tool for deciphering the stress responsiveness of crop species with adaptation traits or in wild relatives toward identifying underlying genes, alleles or quantitative trait loci. Molecular breeding approaches have proven helpful in enhancing the stress adaptation of crop plants, and recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and phenotyping platforms have transformed molecular breeding to genomics-assisted breeding (GAB). In view of this, the present review elaborates the progress and prospects of GAB for improving climate change resilience in crops, which is likely to play an ever increasing role in the effort to ensure global food security.
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    NAC proteins: regulation and role in stress tolerance
    (Cell Press (Elsevier), 2012) Puranik, Swati; Sahu, Pranav Pankaj; Srivastava, Prem S.; Prasad, Manoj
    The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2 and CUC2) proteins constitute a major transcription factor family renowned for their roles in several developmental programs. Despite their highly conserved DNA-binding domains, their remarkable diversification across plants reflects their numerous functions. Lately, they have received much attention as regulators in various stress signaling pathways which may include interplay of phytohormones. This review summarizes the recent prog- ress in research on NACs highlighting the proteins’ potential for engineering stress tolerance against various abiotic and biotic challenges. We discuss regulatory components and targets of NAC proteins in the context of their prospective role for crop improvement strategies via biotechnological intervention.
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    Millets: genetic and genomic resources
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2011) Dwivedi, Sangam; Upadhyaya, Hari; Senthilvel, Senapathy; Hash, Charles; Fukunaga, Kenji; Diao, Xiamin; Santra, Dipak; Baltensperger, David; Prasad, Manoj
    all-grained millets, comprising ten annual grasses from the family Poaceae and grown for grain, contribute $13% of annual global cereal production. Some are widely grown, while cultivation of others is restricted. They differ in ploidy, genome size, and breeding system, but their grains are all highly nutritious. Their most common nonfood uses are in brewing and as livestock feeds. Millets are C4 plants adapted to marginal lands in hot, drought-prone arid and semiarid regions. Selection for plant phenology and architecture, panicle shape, spikelet structure and reduced shattering, seed dormancy, and seed coat hardness contributed to their domestication. Approximately 161,708 millet accessions are preserved in gene banks globally. These show exceptional diver- sity associated for phenology, photoperiod sensitivity, tolerance to abiotic stresses, resistance to biotic stresses, seed storability and shelf life, and specific grain characteristics associated with end user preferences. Contributions from wild relatives’ toward enhancing cultivated gene pools have been limited to pearl millet and foxtail millet. Core or minicore/reference collections have been used to identify new sources of biotic stress resistances and abiotic stress tolerances. Waxy mutants have been selected in barnyard millet, foxtail millet, and proso millet for specific food uses. Pearl millet hybrids and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) with high iron and zinc grain densities will soon be available in India. While no transgenic work has reached field level, DNA markers are routinely used to assess millets’ population structure and genetic diversity. Genetic maps of varying density are reported in finger millet, foxtail millet, pearl millet, proso millet, and tef. Major quantitative trait loci associated with resis- tance to downy mildew, rust, and blast and tolerance to terminal drought stress have been backcrossed into elite inbred pearl millet hybrid parents. Marker- assisted backcrossing has been used to improve downy mildew resistance in pearl millet. Cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility (CMS)–based hybrids of pearl millet are extensively cultivated, and CMS systems for foxtail millet are under development. An aligned genome sequence of foxtail millet will be released in the near future as this millet is closely related to several polyploid bioenergy grasses. This foxtail millet genome sequence is highly syntenic with those of rice, sorghum, and maize, which should allow comprehensive surveys of genetic diversity for identifying and conserving diversity in grass germplasm with bioenergy crop potential.