Institutional Publications

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Recent perspective of non-coding RNAs at the nexus of plant-pathogen interaction
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sharma, Shambhavi; Sett, Susmita; Das, Tuhin; Prasad, Ashish; Prasad, Manoj
In natural habitats, plants are exploited by pathogens in biotrophic or necrotrophic ways. Concurrently, plants have evolved their defense systems for rapid perception of pathogenic effectors and begin concerted cellular reprogramming pathways to confine the pathogens at the entry sites. During the reorganization of cellular signaling mechanisms following pathogen attack, non-coding RNAs serves an indispensable role either as a source of resistance or susceptibility. Besides the well-studied functions of non-coding RNAs related to plant development and abiotic stress responses, previous and recent discoveries have established that non-coding RNAs like miRNAs, siRNAs, lncRNAs and phasi-RNAs can fine tune plant defense responses by targeting various signaling pathways. In this review, recapitulation of previous reports associated with non-coding RNAs as a defense responder against virus, bacteria and fungus attacks and insightful discussion will lead us to conceive innovative ideas to fight against approaching threats of resistant breaking pathogens.
Resistance genes on the verge of plant-virus interaction
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Sett, Susmita; Prasad, Ashish; Prasad, Manoj
Viruses are acellular pathogens that cause severe infections in plants, resulting in worldwide crop losses every year. The lack of chemical agents to control viral diseases exacerbates the situation. Thus, to devise proper management strategies, it is important that the defense mechanisms of plants against viruses are understood. Resistance (R) genes regulate plant defense against invading pathogens by eliciting a hypersensitive response (HR). Compatible interaction between plant R gene and viral avirulence (Avr) protein activates the necrotic cell death response at the site of infection, resulting in the cessation of disease. Here, we review different aspects of R gene-mediated dominant resistance against plant viruses in dicotyledonous plants and possible ways for developing crops with better disease resistance.
Noncoding but coding: pri-miRNA into the action
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Prasad, Ashish; Sharma, Namisha; Prasad, Manoj
Some pri-miRNAs can code for short peptides called micropeptides (miPEPs) and it has been suggested that these peptides positively regulate the accumulation of their associated miRNAs. Recent data further support this model and point towards the potential for miPEPs to be used in the agricultural sector to improve crop agronomic traits.
An overview of wheat genome sequencing and its implications for crop improvement
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2014) Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Prasad, Manoj
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) serves as the staple food for 30% of the global population and is a rich source of proteins, minerals and other essential nutrients. But global warming is posing a serious threat to wheat productivity worldwide, and of note, wheat is extremely sensitive to heat, where ±2◦ C temperature variation has resulted in 50% decrease in wheat production (Asseng et al. 2011). Rise in green-house gases inflicts a steady increase in global temperature which has been projected to rise up to 4.5◦ C by 2080 (IPCC 2012; http://www.ipcc.ch/). This is expected to impose enormous negative impacts on productivity of wheat and substantial risks to global food production and security. This urged the scientific research community to work towards genetic improvement of wheat, so as to impart durable stress resistance and agronomic traits in this major cereal. Efforts have been invested on transgene-based approaches and molecular breeding programmes for improvement of wheat since times, but the progress is hindered due to the nonavailability of genome sequence information. Genome sequences are imperative for understanding the molecular basis of phenotypic traits and variation of a given crop plant. Though the genome sequence of model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice has revolutionized the understanding of plant biology over a decade, it has not been translated robustly into crop improvement for major cereals including wheat. Concurrently, less genomic conservation between rice and wheat has also restricted comparative genomic studies for genetic enhancement of wheat. This necessitated the sequencing of wheat genome, which would serve as the foundation for its improvement. Unfortunately, the size and complexity of wheat genome hindered the sequencing efforts, and this resulted in wheat becoming the only major crop whose genome remained unsequenced.

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