Institutional Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Prasad, ManojSubject: search.filters.subject.climate change

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    Identifying the mechanistic basis to nitrogen responsiveness in two contrasting Setaria italica accessions
    (Oxford University Press, 2024) Bandyopadhyay, Tirthankar; Maurya, Jyoti; Bentley, Alison R; Griffiths, Howard; Swarbreck, Stéphanie M; Prasad, Manoj
    Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient limiting crop productivity with varied requirements across species and genotypes. Understanding the mechanistic basis of N responsiveness by comparing contrasting genotypes could inform the development and selection of varieties with lower N demands, or inform agronomic practices to sustain yields with lower N inputs. Given the established role of millets in ensuring climate-resilient food and nutrition security, we investigated the physiological and genetic basis of nitrogen responsiveness in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). We had previously identified genotypic variants linked to N responsiveness, and here, we dissect the mechanistic basis of the trait by examining the physiological and molecular behaviour of N responsive (NRp-SI58) and non-responsive (NNRp-SI114) accessions at high and low N. Under high N, NRp-SI58 allocates significantly more biomass to nodes, internodes and roots, more N to developing grains, and is more effective at remobilising flag leaf N compared to NNRp-SI114. Post anthesis flag leaf gene expression suggests that differences in N induce much higher transcript abundance in NNRp-SI114 than NRp-SI58, a large proportion of which are potentially regulated by APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factors. Overall, the study provides novel insights into the regulation and manipulation of N responsiveness in S. italica.
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    Application of genomics-assisted breeding for generation of climate resilient crops: progress and prospects
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2015) Kole, Chittaranjan; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Henry, Robert; Edwards, David; Sharma, Rishu; Abberton, Michael; Batley, Jacqueline; Bentley, Alison; Blakeney, Michael; Bryant, John; Cai, Hongwei; Cakir, Mehmet; Cseke, Leland J.; Cockram, James; Oliveira, Antonio Costa de; Pace, Ciro De; Dempewolf, Hannes; Ellison, Shelby; Gepts, Paul; Greenland, Andy; Hall, Anthony; Hori, Kiyosumi; Hughes, Stephen; Humphreys, Mike W.; Iorizzo, Massimo; Ismail, Abdelbagi M.; Marshall, Athole; Mayes, Sean; Nguyen, Henry T.; Ogbonnaya, Francis C.; Ortiz, Rodomiro; Paterson, Andrew H.; Simon, Philipp W.; Tohme, Joe; Tuberosa, Roberto; Valliyodan, Babu; Varshney, Rajeev K.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Yano, Masahiro; Prasad, Manoj
    Climate change affects agricultural productivity worldwide. Increased prices of food commodities are the initial indication of drastic edible yield loss, which is expected to increase further due to global warming. This situation has compelled plant scientists to develop climate change-resilient crops, which can withstand broad-spectrum stresses such as drought, heat, cold, salinity, flood, submergence and pests, thus helping to deliver increased productivity. Genomics appears to be a promising tool for deciphering the stress responsiveness of crop species with adaptation traits or in wild relatives toward identifying underlying genes, alleles or quantitative trait loci. Molecular breeding approaches have proven helpful in enhancing the stress adaptation of crop plants, and recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and phenotyping platforms have transformed molecular breeding to genomics-assisted breeding (GAB). In view of this, the present review elaborates the progress and prospects of GAB for improving climate change resilience in crops, which is likely to play an ever increasing role in the effort to ensure global food security.
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    Transcription factors: modulating plant adaption in the scenario of changing climate
    (Springer, 2013) Puranik, Swati; Prasad, Manoj
    Climate change and the associated environmental constraints have created a challenge to sustain food security and biodiversity globally. The response to adverse environments is a complex process and plants integrate several approaches that allow them to withstand climatic restraints, depending on the timing and length. Changes at the transcriptional level of various genes transduce cellular signals for the synthesis of necessary metabolites. Transcription factors have the principal role for the efficient adaptation capacity of the plants, and present an attractive target category for manipulation and gene regulation. As many biological processes in plants are regulated at the level of transcription, understanding transcription factor function is an important step towards understanding plant responses to environmental conditions. Among them, numerous transcription factors belonging to several large transcription factor families, such as AP2/ERF, bZIP, MYB, MYC, Cys2His2 zinc finger, WRKY, and NAC, have been shown as stress-responsive proteins. They act both by an abscisic acid-dependent and -independent manner, and through their interaction with respective cis-elements of their target genes, play crucial roles in recuperating plant stress tolerance. We highlight the considerable biotechnological progress made towards understanding the molecular stress responses of plants using important transcription factor families. The progress of their practical and application value in crop improvement through genetic engineering is also discussed.