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Author: search.filters.author.Prasad, ManojSubject: search.filters.subject.Small RNA

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    Regulation of small RNA-mediated high temperature stress responses in crop plants
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Singh, Roshan Kumar; Prasad, Ashish; Maurya, Jyoti; Prasad, Manoj
    Throughout their life cycle, plants have to regulate their gene expression at various developmental phases, physiological changes, and in response to biotic or environmental stress. High temperature is one the most common abiotic stress for crop plants, that results in impaired morphology, physiology, and yield. However, plants have certain mechanisms that enable them to withstand such conditions by modulating the expression of stress-related genes. Small RNA (sRNA)-regulated gene expression is one such mechanism which is ubiquitous in all eukaryotes. The sRNAs mainly include micro RNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). They are primarily associated with the gene silencing either through translation inhibition, mRNA degradation, or DNA methylation. During high temperature stress the increased or decreased level of miRNAs altered the protein accumulation of target transcripts and, therefore, regulate stress responses. Several reports are available in plants which are genetically engineered through expressing artificial miRNAs resulted in thermotolerance. sRNAs have also been reported to bring the epigenetic changes on chromatin region through RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM). The present article draws a brief illustration of sRNA origin, their functional mechanisms, role in high temperature stress, and possible application for developing stress tolerant crop plants.
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    Role of RNA-interacting proteins in modulating plant-microbe interactions
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Pandey, Saurabh; Sharma, Namisha; Prasad, Manoj
    Successful infection of a pathogen in its host plant depends on the complex molecular interplay between host and the invading microbe. Plant-microbe interactions are primarily governed by signal interchange amid both the organisms. Effective passage of the pathogen into the plant system requires the circumvention of signal detection mechanisms and subsequent immune responses. As a mechanism to counteract defense response, pathogens deploy several RNA-interacting proteins (RIPs) or RNA molecules which interrupt the host transcriptional as well as signaling pathways, leading to successful infection and symptom development. The interference by pathogen-derived small RNAs (sRNA) in the gene silencing machinery of the host has been recently reported. In this context, the present review describes the pathogen- and host-specific RNA molecules and chaperones, their roles in modulating host immune response as well as pathogenesis, and the possible targets for manipulating the molecular mechanism to develop durable tolerance/resistance against diseases in crops.
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    Recent advances in plant-virus interaction with emphasis on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
    (Springer, 2013) Sharma, Namisha; Sahu, Pranav Pankaj; Puranik, Swati; Prasad, Manoj
    Regulation of several biological functions in plants has now been known to involve diverse RNA silencing pathways. These vital pathways involve various components such as dsRNA, Dicer, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Argonaute proteins, which lead to the production of several small RNAs (sRNAs) varying in their sizes. These sRNAs have significant role in the regulation of gene expression at transcriptional and translational levels. Among them, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs; majorly 21, 22 and 24 nt) have been shown to play an important role in plants' resistance against many viruses by inhibiting the viral gene expression. Furthermore, it has also been highlighted that siRNA-mediated methylation of viral DNA confers resistance to various plant DNA viruses. In this review, we have outlined the recent advances made using the siRNA-mediated antiviral strategy, along with methylation-based epigenetic defensive mechanisms as a protective measure against diverse plant viruses.