Institutional Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Prasad, AshishSubject: search.filters.subject.Abiotic stress

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    DNA methylation dynamics in response to abiotic and pathogen stress in plants
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Arora, Heena; Singh, Roshan Kumar; Sharma, Shambhavi; Sharma, Namisha; Panchal, Anurag; Das, Tuhin; Prasad, Ashish; Prasad, Manoj
    DNA methylation is a dynamic epigenetic mechanism that plays a significant role in gene expression and also maintains chromatin stability. The process is conserved in both plants and animals, and crucial for development and stress responses. Differential DNA methylation during adverse environmental conditions or pathogen attack facilitates the selective expression of defense-related genes. Both stress-induced DNA hypomethylation and hypermethylation play beneficial roles in activating the defense response. These DNA marks may be carried to the next generation making the progenies ‘primed’ for abiotic and biotic stress responses. Over the recent years, rapid advancements in the area of high throughput sequencing have enabled the detection of methylation status at genome levels in several plant species. Epigenotyping offers an alternative tool to plant breeders in addition to conventional markers for the selection of the desired offspring. In this review, we briefly discuss the mechanism of DNA methylation, recent understanding of DNA methylation-mediated gene regulation during abiotic and biotic stress responses, and stress memory in plants.
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    Plant-virus-abiotic stress interactions: A complex interplay
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022) Prasad, Ashish; Sett, Susmita; Prasad, Manoj
    Under field conditions, plants are subjected to a wide array of biotic and abiotic stresses. These are detrimental to the survival of plants and adversely affects global crop productivity. Changing climate has led to elevated temperatures and unpredicted whether patterns across the world leading to suboptimal crop performance. This is coupled by the emergence of novel pathogen strains which are resistant to anti-pathogenic agents. The situation is even worse in case of viruses where antiviral agents for controlling viral diseases in plants is lacking. The explosion of international trade has helped in the sharing of surplus resources from one location to the other and benefitted the economy of most countries however, this has also resulted in the spread of viruses and other pathogens. Recent years have seen a paradigm shift in the research methodology with combined stress gaining major attention instead of solitary stress. Viruses influence a plant’s response to various abiotic stresses, similarly, abiotic stress imposition has a great effect on viral disease progression. The recent developments associated with plant-virus-abiotic stress interactions along with the way forward to tackle such stresses has been discussed in the present review.
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    Complex molecular mechanisms determine fitness of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2021) Prasad, Ashish; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa; Prasad, Manoj
    The mode of growth and development of plants does not allow them to change their habitat upon stress imposition. Through the course of evolution, plants have acquired complex molecular pathways to deal with abiotic and biotic factors to ensure their survival. The changing climatic conditions have led to unprecedented weather patterns resulting in increased crop losses. Similarly, the spread of pathogens in an era of increasing international trade has resulted in introduction and adaptation of these pathogens to new areas and cause frequent epidemics. There is an increasing need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses in plants and envision ways to develop new crop varieties with improved features.
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    Role of ubiquitination enzymes in abiotic environmental interactions with plants
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021) Sharma, Shambhavi; Prasad, Ashish; Sharma, Namisha; Prasad, Manoj
    Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in various aspects of plant development and stress responses. Protein degradation by ubiquitination is well established and ubiquitin is the main underlying component directing the turnover of proteins. Recent reports have also revealed the non-proteolytic roles of ubiquitination in plants. In the past decade, ubiquitination has emerged to be one of the most important players in modulating plant's responses to abiotic stresses, which led to identification of specific E3 ligases and their targets involved in the process. Most of the E3 ligases play regulatory roles by modifying the stability and accumulation of stress responsive regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors, thus, modifying the downstream responses, or by degrading the proteins involved in the downstream cascade itself. In this review, we summarize and highlight the recent advances in the field of ubiquitination-mediated regulation of plant's responses to various abiotic stresses including limited nutrient availability and metal toxicity. The non-proteolytic role of ubiquitination in epigenetic regulation of abiotic stress induced response has also been discussed.
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    Linking the plant stress responses with RNA helicases
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Pandey, Saurabh; Prasad, Ashish; Sharma, Namisha; Prasad, Manoj
    RNA helicases are omnipresent plant proteins across all kingdoms and have been demonstrated to play an essential role in all cellular processes involving nucleic acids. Currently, these proteins emerged as a new tool for plant molecular biologists to modulate plant stress responses. Here, we review the crucial role of RNA helicases triggered by biotic, abiotic, and multiple stress conditions. In this review, the emphasis has been given on the role of these proteins upon viral stress. Further, we have explored RNA helicase mediated regulation of RNA metabolism, starting from ribosome biogenesis to its decay upon stress induction. We also highlighted the cross-talk between RNA helicase, phytohormones, and ROS. Different overexpression and transgenic studies have been provided in the text to indicate the stress tolerance abilities of these proteins.