Institutional Publications

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    Comparative assessment of flavonoid content in banana pulp and peel and their role in mitigating bone loss conditions and promoting osteoblast differentiation
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Sinha, Shradha; Sardar, Anirban; Rai, Divya; Tripathi, Ashish Kumar; Kothari, Priyanka; Rajput, Ruchika; Pandey, Ashutosh; Trivedi, Ritu
    Banana fruit is widely grown and serves as a source of income across the tropics. It is known for its nutritional qualities and well-recognized medicinal applications. Given that banana pulp and peel are rich in flavonoids, such as naringenin, kaempferol, and quercetin, which are already known for their role in bone health, we hypothesize that banana pulp and peel can accelerate fracture healing, mitigate bone loss in post-menopausal conditions, and promote osteoblast differentiation. The current study was proposed to assess a comparative and parallel investigation of the differential flavonoid expression in banana pulp and peel and their concomitant bone anabolic effects. The pulp extract exhibited its osteogenic potential when administered orally for 2 weeks at doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg per kg per day in the osteotomy Balb/c mice model (n = 10), while the peel extract showed similar effects at comparatively much lower doses of 50, 100 and 250 mg per kg per day for the same duration. The effective lower doses in both cases, i.e., 250 mg per kg per day for the pulp and 50 mg per kg per day for the peel, were used to further investigate the anti-osteoporotic potential in vivo over a span of 8 weeks (n = 10). Banana pulp ameliorated the microarchitectural deterioration of the bones by increasing the rate of bone formation while simultaneously limiting exaggerated resorption, as assessed by micro-CT, calcein labelling, TRAP staining, bone strength parameters and measurement of bone formation and resorption markers in serum. Similar results were obtained with the banana peel extract at considerably lower doses. The osteogenic potential of the pulp and peel extracts was also tested in an in vitro setup. Osteoblast viability and differentiation, as assessed by MTT, ALP, mineralization and RT-PCR, demonstrated that bone formation potential was observed at 2.5 μg ml−1 and 5 μg ml−1 of the pulp extract, whereas in the case of the peel extract, it was observed at 0.625 μg ml−1 and 1.25 μg ml−1. These findings indicate that banana peel can exert similar osteogenic and osteoprotective effects as the pulp but at a much lower dose. This highlights banana peel as a prospective, sustainable feedstock for the healthcare sector, providing an alternative to its disposal.
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    Climate change impact on human health
    (CABI, 2024) Singh, Samar; Chhatwal, Himani; Pandey, Ashutosh
    Variations in environmental conditions caused by natural or anthropogenic activities have been exhibiting their impacts on climate change in the form of heat waves, drought, acid rain, floods, and storms throughout the decades. The resulting climate change has perturbated the interrelated threats to the ecosystem. Climate change affects human health, causing mental illness, undernutrition, and cardiovascular, respiratory, and infectious diseases. This outcome is observed in terms of worldwide disturbance in social dynamics such as health status, socioeconomic status, and public health infrastructure. This chapter explores the adverse climate conditions and highlights footprints on human health. Strategies to reduce the catastrophic impact of climate change on humans have been discussed in the latter sections.
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    Hotspots associated with climate change and food security risks
    (CABI, 2024) Chhatwal, Himani; Singh, Samar; Pandey, Ashutosh
    Climate change is an emerging problem, threatening nations at a global stage. Our knowledge about the impact of climate change on agriculture has grown over the past two decades, but recently, it has been found that its effects are even more deep-rooted. Anthropogenic and natural activities are increasing global temperatures at an alarming rate, affecting crop productivity. Extreme weather events will impact food supply, stability, and access. In the current times of increasing population, when wholesome food production is a global concern, climate change becomes an inevitable issue that no nation can escape from. This chapter highlights the major hotspots of the world which face an immediate threat from climate change. It also covers the perils of changing climate on the food production system and the adaptation strategies to overcome it. The need is to focus on developing immediate solutions to develop a sustainable food supply in the future.
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    Metabolomic profiling reveals key factors and associated pathways regulating the differential behavior of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes exposed to geogenic arsenic
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2024) Saini, Himanshu; Panthri, Medha; Khan, Ehasanullah; Saxena, Samiksha; Pandey, Ashutosh; Gupta, Meetu
    Arsenic (As) toxicity is an escalating problem; however, information about the metabolic events controlling the varied pattern of As accumulation in rice genotypes within their natural environment is still lacking. The present study is thus an advancement in unravelling the response of such rice genotypes. Soil-water-rice samples were analyzed for As accumulation using ICP-MS. Furthermore, we implemented metabolomics through LC-MS/MS and UHPLC to identify metabolic signatures regulating As content by observing the metalloid's composition in rice agrosystem. Results showed that rice genotypes differed significantly in their levels of metabolites, with Mini mansoori and Pioneer having the highest levels. Mini mansoori contained least As which might have been regulated by Ala, Ser, Glu, Phe, Asn, His, Ile, Lys, Gln, Trp, Tyr, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, trans-ferulic, rutin, morin, naringenin, kampferol, and myricetin, while Asp, Arg, Met, syringic, epigalocatechin, and apigenin contributed to the greater As acclimatization ability of Pioneer. Multivariate tools separated the rice genotypes into two major clusters: Pioneer-Mini mansoori and Damini-Sampoorna-Chintu. KEGG identified three major metabolic pathways (aminoacyl-tRNA, phenylpropanoid, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis route) linked with As tolerance and adaptation mechanisms in rice. Overall, these two genotypes symbolize their As hostile and accommodating attitudes probably due to the accumulated metabolites and the physicochemical attributes of the soil-water. Thus, thorough understanding of the metabolic reactions to As may facilitate the emergence of As tolerant/resilient genotypes. This will aid in the selection of molecular markers to cultivate healthier rice genotypes in As-contaminated areas.
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    Bioefficacy of Sida cordifolia L. phytoextract against foodborne bacteria: optimization and bioactive compound analysis
    (Future Medicine Ltd, 2023) Kumar, Sachin; Kumar, Sandeep; Mir, M Amin; Vishnoi, Vineet Kumar; Pandey, Ashutosh; Pandey, Akanksha
    Aim: To elucidate the antibacterial activity of Sida cordifolia L. phytoextract, evaluate its polyphenol profile and optimize conditions against certain common foodborne bacteria. Methods: After polarity-based sequential extraction, S. cordifolia phytoextracts were tested for antibacterial potential against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize several process parameters and ultra-performance liquid chromatography confirmed the phenolic composition of the best possible outcome. Results: Agar well diffusion and MIC/MBC assay confirmed a strong bactericidal effect of ethanolic (SC04-ET) extract against ampicillin and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The direct interactive effect of optimized conditions showed maximum antibacterial performance and ultra-performance liquid chromatography revealed a high amount of phenolic compounds. Conclusion: The results confirmed that ethanolic extract of S. cordifolia has potent bactericidal action against foodborne bacteria.
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    Iono-metabolomic guided elucidation of arsenic induced physiological and metabolic dynamics in wheat genotypes
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Saini, Himanshu; Panthri, Medha; Rout, Biswaranjan; Pandey, Ashutosh; Gupta, Meetu
    Despite the growing concerns about arsenic (As) toxicity, information on wheat adaptability in such an aggravating environment is limited. Thus, the present investigation based on an iono-metabolomic approach is aimed to decipher the response of wheat genotypes towards As toxicity. Wheat genotypes procured from natural conditions were characterized as high As-contaminated (Shri ram-303 and HD-2967) and low As-contaminated (Malviya-234 and DBW-17) based on ICP-MS As accumulation analysis. Reduced chlorophyll fluorescence attributes, grain yield and quality traits, and low grain nutrient status were accompanied by remarkable grain As accumulation in high As-contaminated genotypes, thus imposing a higher potential cancer risk and hazard quotient. Contrarily, in low As-contaminated genotypes, the richness of Zn, N, Fe, Mn, Na, K, Mg, and Ca could probably have supported less grain As accumulation, imparting better agronomic and grain quality traits. Additionally, from metabolomic analysis (LC-MS/MS and UHPLC), abundances of alanine, aspartate, glutamate, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, trans-ferrulic, cinnamic, caffeic, and syringic bestow Malviya-234 as the best edible wheat genotype. Further, the multivariate statistical analysis (HCA, PCA, and PLS-DA) revealed certain other key metabolites (rutin, nobletin, myricetin, catechin, and naringenin) based genotypic discrimination that imparts strength to genotypes for better adaptation in harsh conditions. Out of the 5 metabolic pathways ascertained through topological analysis, the two main pathways vital for plant's metabolic adjustments in an As-induced environment were: 1. The alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism pathway, and 2. The flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. This is also evident from network analysis, which stipulates amino acid metabolism as a prominent As regulatory factor closely associated with flavonoids and phenolics. Therefore, the present findings are useful for wheat breeding programs to develop As adaptive genotypes that are beneficial for crop improvement and human health.
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    Bread wheat with enhanced grain carotenoid content: a novel option for wheat biofortification
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Padhy, Asish Kumar; Sharma, Achla; Sharma, Himanshu; Rajput, Ruchika; Pandey, Ashutosh; Srivastava, Puja; Kaur, Satinder; Kaur, Harinderjit; Singh, Satinder; Kashyap, Lenika; Mavi, Gurvinder Singh; Kaur, Jaspal; Sohu, Virinder Singh; Chhuneja, Parveen; Bains, Navtej Singh
    Colored wheat has piqued the interest of breeders and consumers alike. The chromosomal segment from 7E of Thinopyrum ponticum, which carries a leaf rust resistant gene, Lr19, has been rarely employed in wheat breeding operations due to its association with the Y gene, which gives a yellow tint to the flour. By prioritizing nutritional content over color preferences, consumer acceptance has undergone a paradigm change. Through marker-assisted backcross breeding, we introduced an alien segment harboring the Y (PsyE1) gene into a high yielding commercial bread wheat (HD 2967) background to generate rust resistant carotenoid biofortified bread wheat. Agro-morphological characterization was also performed on a subset of developed 70 lines having enhanced grain carotene content. In the introgression lines, carotenoid profiling using HPLC analysis demonstrated a considerable increase in β-carotene levels (up to 12 ppm). Thus, the developed germplasm caters the threat to nutritional security and can be utilized to produce carotenoid fortified wheat.
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    Genetics of plant organelles: Plastid and mitochondrial genomes
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2022) Singh, Samar; Naik, Jogindra; Pandey, Ashutosh
    Plant organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria are essential organelles serving critical functions like photosynthesis and respiration, respectively, in plants. While most of the processes and the components required by the functioning of these organelles are contributed by nuclear DNA, they have few of their own components encoded by their respective genome. Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes give a real insight into the evolution of land plants, as evident by several studies. Few studies have successfully conducted gene transfer technology into these organelles’ genomes. Although extensive research on plant organelle genome is yet to be done, recent research has shown the probability of these organelles as a target of genome engineering. From targeting individual genes of their genome to incorporating new genes from other species, they hold promises to produce improved traits. Packaging of their genome, which varies significantly in various hierarchies of land and primitive plants, has also been studied in few plant species. This chapter summarizes the current studies and findings in the study of the organellar genome concerning their structure, organization, distribution, regulatory mechanism, and gene transfer technologies. This chapter provides an updated account of the evolution of these organelle genomes.