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Author: search.filters.author.Mishra, Raghvendra KumarHas files: Yes

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    Genetic interaction and mapping studies on the leaflet development (lld) mutant in Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2012) Kumar, Sushil; Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Kumar, Arvind; Chaudhary, Swati; Sharma, Vishakha; Kumari, Renu
    In Pisum sativum, the completely penetrant leaflet development (lld) mutation is known to sporadically abort pinnae suborgans in the unipinnate compound leaf. Here, the frequency and morphology of abortion was studied in each of the leaf suborgans in 36 genotypes and in presence of auxin and gibberellin, and their antagonists. Various lld genotypes were constructed by multifariously recombining lld with a coch homeotic stipule mutation and with af, ins, mare, mfp, tl and uni-tac leaf morphology mutations. It was observed that the suborgans at all levels of pinna subdivisions underwent lld-led abortion events at different stages of development. As in leafblades, lld aborted the pinnae in leaf-like compound coch stipules. The lld mutation interacted with mfp synergistically and with other leaf mutations additively. The rod-shaped and trumpet-shaped aborted pea leaf suborgans mimicked the phenotype of aborted leaves in HD-ZIP-III-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Suborganwise aborted morphologies in lld gnotypes were in agreement with basipetal differentiation of leaflets and acropetal differentiation in tendrils. Altogether, the observations suggested that LLD was the master regulator of pinna development. On the basis of molecular markers found linked to lld, its locus was positioned on the linkage group III of the P. sativum genetic map.
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    Co-regulation of biomass partitioning by leafblade morphology genes AFILA, MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA in grain pea Pisum sativum
    (Indian National Science Academy, 2010) Kumar, Sushil; Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Chaudhary, Swati; Pandey, Richa; Yadav, Gitanjali
    In grain pea Pisum sativum, 16 genotypes constructed by combining wild type and mutant alleles of MULTIFOLIATE- PINNA (MFP), AFILA (AF), TENDRIL-LESS (TL) and UNIFOLIATA (UNI) genes, which differed in leaf blade morphology, were quantitatively phenotyped for allometry. The biomass partitioning among root, stem, stipule, leaf blade and seeds was unique for these genotypes suggesting that MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes determined leaf blade and plant architecture. Gene actions were inferred on the basis of mutant phenotypes. Biomass of all the organs was found to be increased in the tl single mutant. The af mutation singly and in combination with mfp, mfp tl, mfp uni-tac or mfp tl uni-tac decreased biomass of all the organs. Allocation of biomass to leaves was increased at the expense of that to seeds or seeds and stems by a single mfp mutation or in combination with uni-tac, af tl, tl uni-tac and af tl uni-tac mutations. The AF and MFP functions are essential in pea cultivars for high yield of grains.The mechanism for simultaneous control of leaf blade and plant architecture suggested by mutant phenotypes has three elements. The MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes exercise control over meristematic activity in all the organs. Their determination of leaf blade morphology and size affect net photosynthesis or metabolite supply. The quantities of available metabolites determine numbers and sizes of organs or partitioned total biomass. The tl allele is identified as a genetic marker/determinant for breeding tendril-less prolific pea cultivars for obtaining herbage and grains in high yields.
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    Genetic control of leaf-blade morphogenesis by the Insecatus gene in Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2010) Kumar, Sushil; Chaudhary, Swati; Sharma, Vishakha; Kumari, Renu; Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Kumar, Arvind; Choudhury, Debjani Roy; Jha, Ruchi; Priyadarshini, Anupama; Kumar, Arun
    To understand the role of INSECATUS (INS) gene in pea, the leaf blades of wild-type, ins mutant and seven other genotypes, constructed by recombining ins with uni-tac, af, tl and mfp gene mutations, were quantitatively compared. The ins was inherited as a recessive mutant allele and expressed its phenotype in proximal leaflets of full size leaf blades. In ins leaflets, the midvein development was arrested in distal domain and a cleft was formed in lamina above this point. There was change in the identity of ins leaflets such that the intercalary interrupted midvein bore a leaf blade. Such adventitious blades in ins, ins tl and ins tl mfp were like the distal segment of respective main leaf blade. The ins phenotype was not seen in ins af and ins af uni-tac genotypes. There was epistasis of uni-tac over ins. The ins, tl and mfp mutations interacted synergistically to produce highly pronounced ins phenotype in the ins tl mfp triple mutant. The role(s) of INS in leaf-blade organogenesis are: positive regulation of vascular patterning in leaflets, repression of UNI activity in leaflet primordia for ectopic growth and in leaf-blade primordium for indeterminate growth of rachis, delimitation of proximal leaflet domain and together with TL and MFP homeostasis for meristematic activity in leaflet primordia. The variant apically bifid shape of the affected ins leaflets demonstrated that the leaflet shape is dependent on the venation pattern.
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    Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum
    (Springer, 2009) Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Chaudhary, Swati; Kumar, Anil; Kumar, Sushil
    In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.
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    Mapping of the multifoliate pinna (mfp) leaf-blade morphology mutation in grain pea Pisum sativum
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 2009) Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Kumar, Anil; Chaudhary, Swati; Kumar, Sushil
    The multifoliate pinna (mfp) mutation alters the leaf-blade architecture of pea, such that simple tendril pinnae of distal domain are replaced by compound pinna blades of tendrilled leaflets in mfp homozygotes. The MFP locus was mapped with reference to DNA markers using F2 and F2:5 RIL as mapping populations. Among 205 RAPD, 27 ISSR and 35 SSR markers that demonstrated polymorphism between the parents of mapping populations, three RAPD markers were found linked to the MFP locus by bulk segregant analyses on mfp/mfp and MFP/MFP bulks assembled from the F2:5 population. The segregational analysis of mfp and 267 DNA markers on 96 F2 plants allowed placement of 26 DNA markers with reference to MFP on a linkage group. The existence of common markers on reference genetic maps and MFP linkage group developed here showed that MFP is located on linkage group IV of the consensus genetic map of pea.
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    Regulation of stipule development by COCHLEATA and STIPULE-REDUCED genes in pea Pisum sativum
    (Springer, 2009) Kumar, Sushil; Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Kumar, Anil; Srivastava, Suchi; Chaudhary, Swati
    Pisum sativum L., the garden pea crop plant, is serving as the unique model for genetic analyses of morphogenetic development of stipule, the lateral organ formed on either side of the junction of leafblade petiole and stem at nodes. The stipule reduced (st) and cochleata (coch) stipule mutations and afila (af), tendril-less (tl), multifoliate-pinna (mfp) and unifoliata-tendrilled acacia (uni-tac) leafblade mutations were variously combined and the recombinant genotypes were quantitatively phenotyped for stipule morphology at both vegetative and reproductive nodes. The observations suggest a role of master regulator to COCH in stipule development. COCH is essential for initiation, growth and development of stipule, represses the UNI-TAC, AF, TL and MFP led leafblade-like morphogenetic pathway for compound stipule and together with ST mediates the developmental pathway for peltate-shaped simple wild-type stipule. It is also shown that stipule is an autonomous lateral organ, like a leafblade and secondary inflorescence.
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    Predominance of the serpentine route in monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathway of Catharanthus roseus
    (Indian National Science Academy, 2008) Singh, Digvijay; Rai, Sanjay Kumar; Pandey-Rai, Shashi; Srivastava, Suchi; Mishra, Raghvendra Kumar; Sharma, Srikant; Kumar, Sushil
    Single runs of RP-HPLC procedure were used for simultaneous and organ-wise quantification of the terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) serpentine, ajmalicine, vindoline, catharanthine, vincristine and vinblastine in whole adult plants of Catharanthus roseus, sampled from 81 accessions and F2 generation of a cross. The average total TIA content was 159 mg distributed among stem, root, leaf and inflorescence organs in 13:8:3:1 proportion. The root and stem barks, leaf-petiole and corolla petals were several fold TIA-richer than root and stem woods, leaf–lamina and rest of flower organs, respectively. TIAs were undetectable in seed but present in the seedling. Quantitatively, serpentine (+ ajmalicine), serpentine and catharanthine, vindoline, serpentine, catharanthine and vinblastine (+ vincristine) were the principal TIAs detected in stem, root, leaf and inflorescence organs, respectively. Significant amounts of vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine were found present in the non-chlorophyllous corolla petals. Correlation studies showed that contents of catharanthine and serpentine in roots, catharanthine, vindoline and vinblastine in leaves, serpentine in roots and stems and stems and leaves were interdependent. Serpentine could be involved in suppressing the accumulation of other TIAs in leaves. The observed inter- and intra- organ contents of end-products from serpentine, catharanthine and vindoline TIA branch pathways and correlations between them showed predominance of the serpentine branch.