Institutional Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Mirchandani, RishabhSubject: search.filters.subject.Drought

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    Navigating towards dry root rot resistance in mungbean: impacts, mechanisms, and management strategies
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2024) Sadhana, Nithyananth Hemanth; Geethanjali, Subramaniam; Mirchandani, Rishabh; Natesan, Senthil; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa
    Vigna radiata L., commonly referred to as mungbean or green gram, holds significant importance as a pulse crop in India. However, its productivity is severely impacted by the combined incidence of dry root rot disease and drought stress. Dry root rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, manifests as reduced yield and compromised produce quality. M. phaseolina is a necrotrophic fungus with a broad host range. Screening studies in several crops’ germplasms have shown a skewness towards susceptibility. Further, the fungus has augmented virulence and survivability in soil under low moisture and high heat. Thus, concurrent drought and dry root rot leads to significantly higher yield losses. This review highlights the status of the disease in mungbean and its future implications owing to the changing climate scenario. We also highlight the molecular and genomic studies conducted in mungbean and several other crops to elucidate the mechanisms involved in M. phaseolina resistance. The review also suggests management practices which can alleviate yield losses in dry root rot affected fields. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms of dry root rot, drought, and their interaction on disease proliferation can help mitigate the challenges associated with dry root rot management and aid future research.
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    Abiotic stress impact on the interaction between Macrophomina phaseolina and crop plants
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2024) Ranjan, Shubhashish; Mirchandani, Rishabh; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa
    Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid is an emerging pathogen that causes diseases like dry root rot and charcoal rot in more than 100 plant families. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heat exacerbate this fungal effect and predispose crops to pathogen attacks. Importantly, these combined stresses lead to significant crop yield losses under field conditions. In this, we review the interaction between the devastating pathogen M. phaseolina and several abiotic stresses that are more likely to occur in scenarios of climate change. Drought, heat, and salinity are the major stresses that interact with M. phaseolina in the field. We discuss several field studies, unique physiological and molecular responses, and their mechanisms of control in response to combined stress. The net effect of these interactions depends on a multitude of factors; thus, these interactions modify the impact of biotic stresses on plants by altering their susceptibility. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of what is currently known about M. phaseolina and abiotic stress interactions, as well as several other edaphic factors that interact with plants. We briefly discuss the role of drought, salinity, heat stress, and edaphic factors (such as pH, N, P, K, etc.) that influence pathogen infection in plants. Furthermore, we discuss possible management strategies to combat crop loss due to combined stress. Thus, we suggest the future aspect of combined stress breeding, along with the use of multi-omics techniques and genome editing approaches, to develop cultivars that exhibit stability in a combined stress environment.
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    Dry root rot disease: Current status and future implications for chickpea production
    (Springer Nature Publishing AG, 2023) Mirchandani, Rishabh; Irulappan, Vadivelmurugan; Chilakala, Aswin Reddy; Senthil-Kumar, Muthappa
    Chickpea is one of the most important food legumes in the world. Several abiotic and biotic factors limit chickpea yields, notably, heat, drought, and dry root rot (DRR) disease. The occurrence and severity of DRR are further magnified by abiotic stresses. This review highlights the current impact of DRR on chickpea production in India, the deepening of the economic losses caused by DRR owing to drought, and integrated management practices to curb DRR. Management strategies and research targeting this aspect are critical because the long-term consequences of this rapidly emerging disease could be severe owing to climate change.